雅思写作素材：犯罪类

1.先来说说犯罪份子该如何表达

criminals 名词，罪犯(值得注意的是，该词有形容词性)。

offenders 名词，罪犯，违法者。

convicts 名词，罪犯，囚徒(前段时间很红的一套书《囚徒健身》，“Convict Conditioning”)。

culprits 名词，犯人。同时，本词可以指的是被指控犯罪的人。

outlaws 名词，罪犯，暴徒。也有动词词性，并且为及物动词，译为宣布某事为不合法。

suspect (criminal suspect)名词，犯罪嫌疑人。其实，在法庭最终宣判之前，我们口中的罪犯多数情况下应该用这个词表达，更为严谨。

prisoner 名词，犯人，囚犯。

juvenile criminals 名词，青少年罪犯。

minor criminals 名词，未成年罪犯。

juvenile delinquent / juvenile offender 名词，少年犯，或行为不端的青少年

值得注意的是，其实在雅思写作犯罪类的话题中，未成年人犯罪往往是常见话题。因此后面几个词汇，需要大家重点掌握。

2.来说说犯罪这件事该如何表达，要注意词性标注

commit a crime (commit crimes) 动宾，犯罪

violate the law / break the law 动宾，犯罪，违法

offend against the law 动宾，违法

violent crimes / non-violent crimes 形容词+名词，暴力犯罪/非暴力犯罪

delinquent behaviors / illegal acts / lawless behaviors形容词+名词，不法的行为

juvenile delinquency 名词，特指青少年的不法行为

illegality 名词，泛指所有违法行为。此外，immorality 名词，指的是不道德的行为，其实近似于违法行为，但是略有区别。同理，副词illegally和immorally也是类似的区别

wrongdoing / misconduct / delinquency 名词，都是指的是行为不端

请见如下例文：(青少年违法之后应该如何被惩罚永远是雅思考试的常见话题)

There is no denying that everyone should be punished due to his/her illegality, no matter how old he/she is. Notwithstanding, this does not imply that juvenile culprits should be treated as equally as * prisoners. Juvenile detentions ought to be the place for those minor offenders instead of common jails, and besides juvenile suspects should be on trial in juvenile court where their right can be protected much better.

Juvenile convicts with violent crimes should be detained in juvenile detentions as they might be potential threats to our society, and on the other hand minor culprits with non-violent crimes can be punished with more flexibility such as being forced to do social work.

PS: Juvenile detentions 名词，少管所

juvenile court 名词，未成年人法庭

detain 及物动词，羁押

3.犯罪率的表达方式

Crime rate / incident of crime

如何降低犯罪率，是经常在雅思写作中被讨论的话题。

Unbelievably high juvenile crime rate is plaguing many countries all over the world, and how to reduce it has become prime task for those governments for a long time.

4.rehabilitate criminals / reform criminals 动宾，改造罪犯

Main function of prisons is not only punishing culprits with locking them up but also rehabilitating them as everyone no matter what he/she has done deserves a second chance. 监狱的功能不仅是限制犯人的自由，还要给这些犯人提供一个改过自新的机会。

5.几个导致青少年犯罪的原因如下：

Lack of moral education 名词性，缺少德育教育(lack一词在实际写作中是考生们常犯错误的地方，请看后面的注解。)

Inappropriate parenting 名词性，不恰当的家庭教育

Being exposed to misleading information from media 动名词性质，暴露于媒体的诱导性信息

Lack of ability of telling right from wrong 名词性，缺少辨别是非的能力

Blindly imitate what they often see or read in media 动宾结构，盲目模仿在媒体中看到的或者听到的事物

PS： 关于lack

首先，可以是及物动词。例如：With stress from exams, students lack enthusia* on learning any kind of art.

其次，名词，多用于词组 be lack of / be lack in = be short of 例如：Generally speaking, high crime rate, to a great extent, can be attributed to lack of law enforcement capacity of police.

再次，lacking 形容词，常用词组 be lacking of / be lacking in 例如： Fresh graduates are usually lacking in working experience that is required badly on majority of job positions.

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