2021年5月9日雅思阅读机经

更新：2021年10月25日 18:07 雅思无忧

雅思考试主要是通过对考生听、说、读、写四个方面英语能力的考核，综合测评考生的英语沟通运用能力，实现“沟通为本”的考试理念。对于雅思考生来说，也有很多考试难点和政策盲区需要帮助解答。今天雅思无忧网小编准备了文章2021年5月9日雅思阅读机经，希望通过文章来解决雅思考生这方面的疑难问题，敬请关注。

2021年5月9日雅思考笔已经结束，名师为大带来 2021年5月9日回忆 , 希望能对考生们未来的考有帮助。

Passage One
新旧情况：20210608
题材：环境健康类
题目：Solutions to Indoor Air Pollution
题型及数量：简答5；图表填空4；T/F/G 4
文章大意：介绍了关于室内空气污染治理项目的情况和成果。

部分答案
室内污染会造成新生儿的low birth weight (答案)；很多贫穷地区因为使用 biomass fuel (答案)而对身体产生危害；有一种技术没有持续用下去，是因为high distribution cost (答案)；有一种新的设备较special stoves (答案)。
为控制室内空气污染项目的开展流程，开始会做一些 consultations (答案)和proposals；在中和印度地区开展 pilot projects (答案)；先对已经存在的项目做 review (答案)，这个项目预计让 10 million (答案)人受益；这个项目是 international (答案)范围展开的。

Passage Two
新旧情况：20210331
题材：环境能源类
题目：Egypt‘s Sunken Treasures
题型及数量：Matching 4个；判断；填空

文章大意
埃及一个古建筑在海底被发现了，考古学拯救海底建筑。

相关背景信息，仅供了解。
The exhibition of Egyptian antiquities currently at the Grand Palais in Paris possesses an international importance comparable in the past 40 years only with the exhibition of Chinese art organised by Beijing at the Petit Palais in 1973. Instead of famous works of art from museums or private collections, it displays a great number of new archaeological discoveries, including some unexpected chef d'oeuvres, all but one unpublished before now. Shown first in Berlin, it has been organised by a French underwater archaeologist, Franck Goddio (Fig. 5), to present the results of well over 10 years of his research along the shores of the Nile delta.

During the first millennium AD, several earthquakes and floods between Alexandria and the western mouth of the Nile caused the coastline to sink into the sea along a stretch of some 30 kilometres. ThonisHeraklion, at the end of the Canopic branch of the Nile, and the neighbouring city of Kanopos-East disappeared during the 7th-8th century. The inundation of Alexandria's eastern harbour, called by the Romans Portus Magnus, occurred between the mid 4th and the early 14th centuries AD.

Goddio has been assisted by a skilful team drawn from Egypt, France, Germany and elsewhere. But the vision, the will and the tenacity that have kept together the complex machinery of the enterprise are his. Now over 50, Goddio has wide experience of diving in the Pacific and the Atlantic. The results of his long underwater search presented in the Grand Palais are in many ways comparable to the rediscovery of Troy by Schliemann in the 19th century and of Tutankhamun's tomb by Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter in the 1920s. It is true that among the underwater ruins that he has explored, Goddio has not recovered any gold and silver treasure comparable with the findings of Schliemann and Carter. As far as
gold is concerned, the show includes only some coins, earrings, rings, amulets and crosses. However, the discovery under the sea after so many centuries of three ancient ports enables Goddio to take his place not only beside Schliemann and Carter but also with Jean Yoyotte, probably the greatest living French Egyptologist, Michel Tardieu and Manfred Clauss, responsible for the exhibition's imposing catalogue. Moreover, for the first time on such a scale, film cameras have recorded the work of the excavators at thevery instant of making discoveries. This has long been a dream of land-based archaeologists, since an excavation, even when recorded in writing, is also a destruction.

Who is Franck Goddio? Originally a statistician, he became a financial adviser and travelled extensively in the Arab world. From 1985 onwards, he has devoted himself to underwater archaeology, first in the China Sea. In Egypt, he was one of the discoverers of the bronze guns from Napoleon's fleet sunk by Nelson in the Bay of Aboukir in 1798. Not far from this site, Prince Omar Toussoun had in 1933 by chance discovered ancient rums underwater. But first, for several years, Goddio undertook campaigns of geophysical research in Alexandria's eastern harbour, which is no longer in use. The findings he has made since 1991 have allowed historians and topographers to establish a new map of the various islands of the many ancient ports inside the huge bay, before the destructions of the late Roman and medieval periods. This new map helps explain why the city's founders chose this site: it contained several *all useful capes and islands.

Goddio's enterprise required permanent and substantial financial backing. Thanks to the Hilti Foundation in Liechtenstein, and in particular its chairman, Michael Hilti, and Georg Rosenbauer and Hans Saxer, Goddio's team has been able not only to carry out its explorations but also to present this exhibition. Now Egyptian state property; the findings on show, over 500 items, date from the New Kingdom up to the 7th century AD. The discoveries are fascinatingly explained with maps, diagrams and films. Some of the film projections cover a whole wall in the galleries, so that visitors can feel that they are underwater, among the ruins, temples, sphinxes and fallen granite colossi (Fig. 3). In the gigantic hall of steel, iron and glass of the freshly renovated Grand Palais, these colossi have been lifted upright, although they range from 4.9 m to 5.4 m in height and weigh from four to six tons. The catalogue helps us to understand the importance of the manipulation of such weights in ancient Egypt, even during the last centuries of its development. It remained an art in which sculpture developed in the context of architecture and engineering. One of the steles commissioned by Ptolemy VII in the 2nd century BC is 6.1 m high, yet Goddio's team has succeeded in moving its 15.7 tons from the Sea of Heraklion. How much do the colossi representing gods and pharaohs weigh? It is a technical fact that we never consider when we look at their photographs. Hapy, lord of the fresh water, weighs six tons (Fig. 1), a five metre-high Ptolemy weighs five tons and his queen, dressed in a pleated skirt and surprisingly depicted in the tradition of the New Kingdom, is 4.9 m high and weighs four tons. But in the middle of the hall of the Grand Palais, these colossi do not in any way appear heavy: from the density of the granite their sculptors have created a divine immateriality.

Goddio's excavations have discovered long-lost elements of monuments, such as the Naos (tabernacle) of the Decades in Kanopos (Fig. 8), which records in hieroglyphs the movements of the stars. Goddio has recovered blocks of black granite completing the Naos, of which one part entered the Louvre in 1817 and another was discovered in 1940 by Prince Omar Toussoun. Commissioned by Nectanebo I in the early 4th century, this former monolith is written up in the catalogue by Goddio's sister, Sophie Von Bomhard. With the Denderah Zodiac (Musee du Louvre), the Naos of the Decades is now one of the bases of our knowledge of astronomy and astrology in the first millennium. As Mrs Von Bomhard writes, 'It sheds light on how astrology and mythology developed out of scientific observation of astronomical processes and not vice-versa.' A granite head of Nectanebo I has also been found at Kanopos. It is a strongly realistic work, recalling the famous Green Head in Berlin.

Goddio's lengthy explorations have led to the rediscovery of a great centre of pilgrimage, the Temple of Sarapis in Kanopos. It housed most probably the sensitive marble head of the god (Fig. 2). Its encrusted pupils are now lost, and so his hollow eyes appear wide-open. This is probably the best Greek Sarapis head known, as well as the second largest. In the exhibition, another head of Sarapis, also from Kanopos, shows how bad a Roman imitation can be.

However, the chef d'oeuvre of the whole exhibition is a dark granite headless statue of a queen from the 3rd century, also from Kanopos. According to Yoyotte, she is is Arsinoe n, sister and wife of Ptolemy II (Figs. 6 and 7). She has been carved by anartist who was able to master both Greek and Egyptian traditions in a manner never seen before or after.

In Thonis- Heraklion,   the   great   temple   of   AmonGereb   has   been   recovered underwater to a length of around 150m. The city was one of two points where foreign ships had to pay taxes when arriving and departing. A huge granite stele commissioned by Nectanebo I is identical to one found in 1899 in Naukratis, the second tax-collecting point. It is a splendid example of hieroglyphic script, and, Goddio told me, his favourite discovery.

A large statue of a queen in grey-blue granite has also been brought to light by Goddio and his team in Thonis-Heraklion, this time with its head intact and only its inserted eyes missing. She is depicted walking, like the headless Arsinoe, but the folds of her dress, unlike Arsinoe's, have thickened the textile's transparency. Finally, I must mention a noble and moving head in grey granite of young Caesarion (Fig. 4), one of the first examples of the Egypto-Roman style that began to develop with the presence of Mark Antony, during the reign of Caesarion's mother, Cleopatra VII. Its sensitivity makes it easy to forget that it once belonged to a colossal statue.

Passage Three
新旧情况: 新
题材: 文化类
题目: The future of language
题型及数量：Summary4；判断；填空

文章大意
类似旧题，仅供练习：

Save Endangered Language
“Obviously we must do some serious rethinking of our priorities, lest linguistics go down in history as the only science that presided obviously over the disappearance of 90percent of the very field to which it is dedicated. “-Michael Krauss, “The World’s
Languages in Crisis ”.

A
Ten years ago Michael Krauss sent a shudder through the discipline of linguistics with his prediction that half the 6,000 or so languages spoken in the world would cease to be uttered within a century. Unless scientists and community leaders directed a worldwide effort to stabilize the decline of local languages, he warned, nine tenths of the linguistic diversity of humankind would probably be doomed to extinction. Krauss’s prediction was little more than an educated guess, but other respected linguists had been clanging out similar alarms. Keneth L. Hale of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology noted in the same journal issue that eight languages on which he had done fieldwork had since passed into extinction. A 1990 survey in Australia found that 70 of the 90 surviving Aboriginal languages were no longer used regularly by all age groups. The same was true for all but 20 of the 175 Native American languages spoken or remembered in the US., Krauss told a congressional panel in 1992.

B
Many experts in the field mourn the loss of rare languages, for several reasons. To start, there is scientific self-interest: some of the most basic questions in linguistics have to do with the limits of human speech, which are far from fully explored. Many researchers would like to know which structural elements of grammar and vocabulary—if any—are truly universal and probably therefore hardwired into the human brain. Other scientists try to reconstruct ancient migration patterns by comparing borrowed words that appear in otherwise unrelated languages. In each of these cases, the wider the portfolio of languages you study, the more likely you are to get the right answers.

C
Despite the near constant buzz in linguistics about endangered languages over the past 10 years, the field has accomplished depressingly little. “You would think that there would be some organized response to this dire situation,” some attempt to determine which language can be saved and which should b e documented before they disappear, says Sarah G. Thomason, a linguist at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. “But there isn’tany such effort organized in the profession. It is only recently that it has become fashionable enough to work on endangered languages.”Six years ago, recalls Douglas H. Whalen of Yale University, “when I asked linguists who wasraising money to deal with these problems, I mostly got blank stares.”So Whalen and a few other linguists founded the Endangered Languages Fund. In the five years to 2001 they were able to collect only $80,000 for research grants. A similar foundation in England, directed by Nicholas Ostler, has raised just $8,000 since 1995.

D
But there are encouraging signs that the field has turned a corner. The Volkswagen Foundation, a German charity, just issued its second round of grants totaling more than $2 million. It has created a multimedia archive at the MaxPlanck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands that can house recordings, grammars, dictionaries and other data on endangered languages. To fill the archive, the foundation has dispatched field linguists to document Aweti (100 or so speakers in Brazil), Ega (about 300 speakers in Ivory Coast), Waima’a (a few hundred speakers in East Timor), and a dozen or so other languages unlikely to survive the century. The Ford Foundation has also edged into the arena. Its contributions helped to reinvigorate a master-apprentice program created in 1992 byLeanne Hinton of Berkeley and Native Americans worried about the imminent demise of about 50 indigenous languages in California. Fluent speakers receive $3,000 to teach a younger relative (who is also paid) their native tongue through 360 hours of shared activities, spread over six months. So far about 5 teams have completed the program, Hinton says, tran*itting at least some knowledge of 25 languages. “It’s too early to call this language revitalization,”Hinton admits. “In California the death rate of elderly speakers will always be greater than the recruitment rate of young speakers. But at least we prolong the survival of the language.”That will give linguists more time to record these tongues before they vanish.

E
But the master-apprentice approach hasn’t caught on outside the U.S., and Hinton’s effort is a drop in the sea. At least 440 languages have been reduced to a mere handful of elders, according to the Ethnologue, a catalogue of languages produced by the Dallas-based group SIL International thatcomes closest to global coverage. For the vast majority of these languages, there is little or no record of their grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation or use in daily life. Even if a language has been fully documented, all that remains once it vanishes from active use is a fossil skeleton, a scattering of features that the scientist was lucky and astute enough to capture. Linguists may be able to sketch an outline of the forgotten language and fix its place on the evolutionary tree, but little more. “How did people start conversations and talk to babies? Howdid hu*ands and wives converse?”Hinton asks. “Those are the first things you want to learn when you want to revitalize the language.”

F
But there is as yet no discipline of “conservation linguistics, ”as there is forbiology. Almost every strategy tried so far has succeeded in some places but failed in others, and there seems to be no way to predict with certainty what will work where. Twenty years ago in New Zealand, Maori speakers set up “language nests,”in which preschoolers were immersed in the native language. Additional Maori-only classes were added as the children progressed through elementary and secondary school. A similar approach was tried in Hawaii, with some success—the number of native speakers has stabilized at 1,000 or so, reports Joseph E. Grimes of SIL International, who is working on Oahu. Students can now get instruction in Hawaiian all the way through university.

G
One factor that always seems to occur in the demise of a language is that the speakers begin to have collective doubts about the usefulness of language loyalty. Once they start regarding their own language as inferior to the majority language, people stop using it for all situations. Kids pick up on the attitude andprefer the dominant language. In many cases, people don’t notice until they suddenly realize that their kids never speak the language, even at home. This is how Cornish and some dialects of Scottish Gaelic is still only rarely used for daily home life in Ireland, 80 years after the republic was founded with Irish as its first official language.

H
Linguists agree that ultimately, the answer to the problem of language extinction is multilinguali*. Even uneducated people can learn several languages, as long as they start as children. Indeed, most people in the world speak more than one tongue, and in places such as Cameroon (279 languages), Papua New Guinea (823) and India (387) it is common to speak three or four distinct languages and a dialect or two as well. Most Americans and Canadians, to the west of Quebec, have a gut reaction that anyone speaking another language in front of them is committing an immoral act. You get the same reaction in Australia and Russia. It is no coincidence that these are the areas where languages are disappearing the fastest. The first step in saving dying languages is to persuade the world’s majorities to allow the minorities among them to speak with their own voices.

Questions 27-33
The reading passage has eight paragraphs, A-H
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-H from the list below.Write the correct number, i-xi, in boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings
i data consistency needed for language the SI TER
ii Solution for dying out language
iii positive gains for protection
iv minimum requirement for saving a language
v Potential threat to minority language
vi Value of minority language to linguists.
vii native language program launched
viii Subjective doubts as a negative factor
ix Practise in several developing countries
x   Value of minority language to linguists.
xi government participation in language field

27 Paragraph A
28 Paragraph B
29Paragraph   D
30Paragraph E
31Paragraph   F
32Paragraph    G
33Paragraph   H

Questions 34-38
Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-F) with opinions or deeds below. Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 34-38 on your answer sheet.

A Nicholas Ostler
B Michael Krauss
C Joseph E. Grimes
D Sarah G. Thomason
E Keneth L. Hale
F Douglas H. Whalen
34 Reported language conservation practice in Hawaii
35 Predicted that many languages would disappear soon
36 Experienced languages die out personally
37 Raised language fund in England
38 Not enough effort on saving until recent work

Questions 39-40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 39-40 on your answer sheet.

39 What is purpose of master-apprentice program sponsored by The Ford Foundation?
A Teach children how to speak
B Revive endangered language
C Preserve endanger red language
D Increase communication between students
40 What should majority language speaker should do according to the last paragraph?
A They should teach their children endangered language
B They should learn at least four languages
C They should show their loyalty to a dying language
D They should be more tolerant to minority language speaker

部分答案
27-33
27 v,
28 x,
29 iii，
30 i，
31 vii，
32 viii，
33 ii

34-38
34 C
35 B
36 E
37 A
38. D
39.C
40.D

2021年5月9日雅思考笔已经结束，名师为大带来 2021年5月9日回忆 , 希望能对考生们未来的考有帮助。

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