2021年8月3日雅思写作全面剖析

Task 1: 流程图

2021/08/03 原题：流程图，太阳能转换drinking water production

事物发展变化的过程(process)往往按照一定顺序(sequence)展开。雅思A类小作文往往要求描绘事物、系统、设计装置、地理的发展、运行趋势、使用原理、变迁等等，具有很强的顺序性。以描述为主，属说明文，对词汇的要求比较高，但词汇可以通过积累达到要求。

一、基本技法

描述流程的文章，有一定的规律性叙述要点：
1.   先说明是做什么工作的过程，目的是什么
2.   准备工作
3.   按时间/过程先后描述
4.   结果
5.   简单总结（可有可无）
描述一个实物/器具的工作过程：
1.   实物是什么，做什么用的
2.   基本结构
3.   工作过程
4.   简单总结

二、注意事项：

ü  审题时找起点，看箭头。
ü  描写时按顺序，想结果。
ü  句子要有连接，有逻辑。
ü  动词在没有标明时间段的时候，就用一般现在时。尽量使用被动语态。
1. 常用句式
导入句
概括句
The following diagrams show the structure/ process/ procedure of…
The picture shows/ illustrates…
It mainly consists of…
It always involves following steps.
The whole procedure can be divided into… stages.

2. 常用过渡性词语
表顺序
The first stage involves…
In the next stage, …
In the following stage, …
In the last stage, …
Subsequently, …
Firstly, … Secondly, …
Then, … Finally, …
表时间
At the same time,
Simultaneously,
Before this,
During…
After this,
In the course of …
Then….
表结果
Consequently, …
As a result, …
…so that…
表目的
the first step is to
the next step is to
the last step is to
in order (not) to
in order that
so as to/ so as not to

Task 2: 大作文

2021/08/03 原题：In many countries today, people in cities either live alone or in *all family units, rather than in large, extended family groups. Is this a positive or negative trend?

相关旧题：2021/04/13：As countries developed, their populations tend to live individually or in *all family units. In your opinion, what are the causes? What effects does it have on society?

题目分析：
4月份的原题，问的是人们愿意居或者以更小规模庭来生活，问原因和对社会的影响(Discussion / Report)。而8月3日的考题是城市中的居民选择居或者以更小规模庭来生活是积或者消的趋势。有相似之处，但后者加了地点限定词in cities, 并属于论述类文章(Argumentation)，这和前者是大相庭径的。除此之外，要注意题中给出了either live alone or in *all family这两种生活方式，所以文中有必要全部提及。

尤其重要的两点是，先，in *all family units不仅仅指的是小户型或者小规模庭，且涵盖了“更少的人”的意思，所以也就意味着父母可以选择要生育孩子的数量，这跟我们的思维是有区别的，在这里加以区分。同时，离异带有小孩的庭如果人口不多的话也可以归为*all family units.
解题思路：
在对社会和人们的生活这类话题进行发散的时候，可以参考几个基准来分类论述对象：性别、年龄、教育程度、生理状况。同时可以把各类因素分为“内在(Internal)”和“外在(External)”两大类，基于我们的普世价值，可以各分为positive和negative两大类。这也是以后诸位小鸭子出后会接触到的研究方法，可以事前稍作了解:) 这篇文章中，我们可以根据年龄和生理状况来展开我们的论点。以下为一些例子：
观点发散：
在这篇文章中，可以按照年龄、生理状况和内外因素如孩子数量，婚姻状况等进行讨论，这样能收集的素材就会更多。以下为一些可供参考的观点，当然，由于字数限制，不需要全部写入文章：
1. Positive trend选择居或者小庭有哪些积的方面
1. 1 Live alone 居
1) Help to cultivate independence 有助于培养立性
2) Learnt how to cope with the unexpected and the urgent学到如何处理突发与紧急状况
3) Money-saving 省钱

1.2 Live in *all family units 小庭
1) Concentration on children 专注于孩子
* Parents can focus more on their children’s growth, both mental and physical 长能更专注孩子们的身心健康
* more time to spend with each child and attention and be paid properly to each child 更多的与每个孩子共处的时间以及给予每个孩子适当的关注
* More children means more disputes and fighting among the children 更多的孩子意味着他们之间会有更多的争吵和矛盾
2) Better Maternal Health 改善母亲们的健康
* The greater the number of children, specifically infants and toddlers, the greater a mother's level of stress, depression and anxiety tends to be. 孩子的数量越多，母亲们的压力、抑郁以及焦虑程度也就越明显。
* A house full of young children may at times be endearing and sentimental, but it also creates a massive amount of work and chores for the mother. 满屋子的孩子也许有事会逗人开心和让人感慨，但是这也为母亲们带来了大量的工作和务。
* Many of the mothers also stated they must take on additional employment in order to help meet the needs of their large families, a move which further increased their personal discontent. 很多母亲们都指出为了满足庭的开支需求，她们不得不额外*，这大加重了她们的负担。
* Not only does a *all family make sense for financial reasons, but it also helps ensure the emotional and physical health of the mother. 小庭规模不仅能缓解庭的经济负担，同样能确计划母亲们的身心健康。
3) Lower Cost of Living 降低生活成本
* Expenses for rearing children can accrue and quickly become debt. 抚养孩子的费用可以累积并且快速地转换为债务。
* A *all, well-planned family unit is economically sustainable and can contribute to an overall reduction of poverty in some countries.一个小且有规划的庭结构是有利于经济可持续发展的并能促进减少某些的贫穷。
4) Enriched Adolescent Development 促进青少年的发展
* A *aller family structure makes it much easier for a child to spend time with each parent while receiving the emotional reinforcement they need. 当孩子们与他们的父母相处并接受他们需要的情感强化的时候，稍小的庭结构使得这个过程变得更容易。
* In large families, dividing up time between children never ends up being equal and this is damaging to each child's emotional and intellectual development and can have lasting effects. 在大庭中，花在每个孩子身上的时间永远是分配不均的，这对孩子的情感和智力的发展是及其有害，并可能造成带来长期持续的影响。

2. Negative trend 选择居或者小庭有哪些消的方面 (包含了大庭生活的好处)
2.1 Live alone
1) Suffer from loneliness and solitude 忍受孤和寂寥
2) No communication and interaction with surroundings 与周遭没有交流和互动
3) Lack of care 缺乏照料

2.2 Live in *all family units
1) A sheer number of children are being raised in broken households, and there are also families raising boys with no male head of household. 有很多的小孩的庭都不是那么完整，同样有很多孩子生长在一个缺乏女性长的庭环境中。
2) Children being raised in single parent families, discussed by some social scientists, are more likely to commit a crime. 一些社会学指出，单亲庭抚养的孩子更容易犯罪。
3) Children from *all families are treated like a porcelain doll, not a child. 小庭环境下成长起来的孩子像是一个洋娃娃，而不是一个孩子。

2.3 Advantages of living in large, extended family groups
1) Larger families mean people have a bigger support system, financially or others. 大庭意味着人们有着一个更大的庭支持体系，不管是财政上还是其他方面的。
2) Family members benefit from close relationships with extended family. It is better for families to be closely connected with extended family. 庭成员可以从大庭中亲密无间的关系中受益良多，对于庭成员来说，与大庭紧密地联系起来是更好的生活方式。
3) Children, in particular, benefit from the wisdom and experiences gained from these relationships. 尤其是孩子，可以从这些关系中学到的智慧和经历中获益良多。
4) Mothers and fathers benefit from family support both emotionally and at times financially. 父母们也可以从大庭中得到感情上的支持甚至金钱上的。
5) Older family members can share parenting advice and help care for children. 老一辈的庭成员可以分享他们的育儿经验以及帮忙照顾孩子。