雅思写作句型系列(一)

对于分词结构的句型，很多学生都感觉到头疼，或者看了很多语法书，也都无法掌握其中的精髓。 其中非谓语动词对于雅思写作是非常重要的，如果考生能够多翻阅一下雅思复习资料系列书中考官给提供的范文，大不难发现，考官大量的使用了这种句型。下面跟随的张娜老师来看一下吧
例如：
1 some money donated has been secretly taken for private uses.
2 shoppers worry that these additional costs will be shifted onto them, making online shopping more expensive.

鉴于这种频繁出现在考官作文当中，并且能够得到的句子，希望广大考生能够掌握。
然而这种结构的精髓在哪里呢，市面上很多的语法书可能让广大考生感到困感。但相信通过今天的讲解，大就会一目了然了。先请看下面这两道选择题：
1           from the space, the earth is beautiful
2           from the space, we think the earth is beautiful.
A seeing     B seen
题选B， 二题选A

为什么呢？句话的主语是the earth, 与see 的关系是被动所以用seen.二句话的主语是we, 与see 的关系是主动所以用seeing. 大只要记得这样两句话:主动用ing, 被动用ed (当然有的单词过去分词比较特殊).

但这种句式到底怎么用呢，以下给大作详细讲解。

动词的分词形式分为 现在分词和过去分词两种 。现在分词与过去分词的区别有两个方面。一，现在分词具有主动意义， 而过去分词具有被动意义。二，现在分词可以表示动作正在进行， 而过去分词可以表示动作已经完成。
Houses built 50 years ago              a room overlooking the street
money donated to the poor              questions puzzling the examinees
a path snaking up to the top              poems written in Chinese
a person having a keen sense of humor

随后我们来看一下这两种结构放在句子当中可以怎么用

1 动词 -ing 形式
原因状语 : 一般用于句
Having *oked too much , he has suffered from lung cancer. 由于抽烟太多，他患了肺癌
Not knowing her address , I might as well telephone her to come over. 我不知道她的地址，只好打*让她过来
结果状语 : 常用于结尾
The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable . 大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西
Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport . 80多个都踢足球，因此足球成了一种很流行的运动.
目的状语 : 往往放于句末，且与主句间用逗号隔开
I hunted around from city to city, hoping to get a job
方式，伴随状语
I stood by the door, not daring to say a word . 我站在门旁，不敢说一句话
Talking and laughing , the children walked one by one into the classroom. 孩子们有说有笑地一个一个地进了教室
条件状语 : 一般位于句
Behaving yourself , you shall get a nice award. 如果好好表现，你会得到奖赏
Working hard at your lessons , you are to succeed. 如果你努力学习功课，就一定能成功。
用ing 形式作状语时，可以根据需要在其前加上when, while, before, after, once, although 等
吃饭时不要说话 don’t talk while having dinner
大仔细看完之后，再研究一下动词与主语的关系，就发现全是用主动的关系，所以用的是ing
2 动词 -ed 形式
作定语 置于修饰词前面
We only sell used books in our bookstore. 我们的书店只*用过的书
改变了的形势 changed situation
退休的教师   retired teacher
作定语 置于修饰词后面 ( 通常是短语形式 )
The story written by a middle school student is popular in school.
All the broken widows have been repaired. =all the windows broken have been repaired
大多数情况下意义不同
We’ve collected a large quantity of used books.
You should put all the books used at hand and the others in order on the shelf.
做状语情况
时间状语
Asked about his family, the young man made no answer.
原因状语
The children learn fast, well brought up by his parents. 父母教育得法，这个孩子学得很快。
条件状语
United, we stand; divided, we fall
伴随或方式状语：可位于句，句中或句尾
The hunter walked slowly in the forest, followed by his wolf dog
Followed by his wolf dog, the hunter walked slowly in the forest.
The hunter, followed by his wolf dog, walked slowly in the forest.
根据需要，可以根据需要在其前加上when, while, before, after, once, although 等
When asked about his family, he made no answer.
趁热打铁，请大把下面的两个句子按要求连起来
将下列句子改成 ing 形式
1 on this matter he showed all sorts of feelings, which ranged from bitterness to hope.

2 I saw his wife coming into the room, and I stood up.

3 I opened the letter. I read about my sister’s wedding

4 the mild bottle fell to the floor. It broken

5 the river was slowly rising. It began to overflow its banks

6 we were running fast. We caught up with the hikes.

7 we were waiting for the train to arrive. We read our books.

将下列句子改成 ed 形式
1 he was born on a farm near Salem, Indiana. He received his public education.

2 Chicago is built along Lake Michigan. It is known as “the windy city”.

3 after she was introduced by her assistant, the mayor began with an opening statement.

4 a good book should be read carefully. I can give you much knowledge.


做完这几道题，如果让大把这些内容与雅思写作的话题相连，是不是就很轻而易举了呢?
由于缺乏钱，许多适龄儿童辍学了.
Lacking money , an increasing number of eligible children drop out of school.
考虑所有的因素后，我们可以得出结论，强制退休制度完全不可接受
Taking all factors into consideration , we can draw the conclusion that mandatory retirement is unaccepted at all
在部队服役，女性能够培养立，自信，自尊和自信
Serving in the army ，females can develop independence, self-confidence, self-respect and self-reliance.

后希望广大考生能够在雅思考生中多用这个句型，相信在这个句型的帮助下，大的作文分数一定得到提高.