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雅思A类小作文:图表写作攻略

更新:2022年02月14日 00:09 雅思无忧

雅思考试主要是通过对考生听、说、读、写四个方面英语能力的考核,综合测评考生的英语沟通运用能力,实现“沟通为本”的考试理念。对于雅思考生来说,也有很多考试难点和政策盲区需要帮助解答。今天雅思无忧网小编准备了文章雅思A类小作文:图表写作攻略,希望通过文章来解决雅思考生这方面的疑难问题,敬请关注。
雅思A类小作文:图表写作攻略

雅思的A类小作文包括表格题、曲线图、柱状图、饼图、流程图、地图六种题型,这也是雅思A类小作文的几种主要构成元素。而在实际的考过程中,出题老师会根据考生的状况进行不同的策略。但是不管找怎样,只要考生掌握了这六种基本题型的解题技巧,那么得到理想成绩,并不是很遥远的梦。
一、出题本质
雅思的A类小作文Task One主要是包括了跟数字相关的图形题,跟Microsoft的Office中有一款Excel电子表格相像,都是利用填入数字,然后产生不同类型的表格题,也是为了方便找到主要信息。表格就能够演变成“柱状图、曲线图、饼图”。只要我们知道如何写表格题,其他的图也是一样的写法,而且更为直观。所以必须先学会分析和描述表格题。

二、题目要求
题目要求:Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.根据题目中的动词就是指令,只要跟着题目的要求做,分数就可得全。Summarize的意思就是代表着,考生需要有一个概括性的句子,通常来讲,跟数字有关的特性就是:1、跟着时间的变化而变化;2、有不同对象的数字进行相互的比较。也就是说,考生只需要将题目中的一些特性概括出来,那么基本上就完成了主要的概括。然后剩下的就是利用一些具体的数字作为例子进行去详细的阐述主要概括的内容。

三、图标类写作常用语言
1、数字比较
A、两者比较:要找到两者谈论物的切入点(一般为比较大的数值),然后再与一个数值进行比较。,一般也有三种表示的方式
种:
e.g. 王浩 6:7马琳 (The score of Mr. Wang is 6, compared with 7, that of Mr. Ma. )
二种:减法subtraction (more, less, fewer)
The score of Mr. Ma is 7, 1 more than that of Mr. Wang. 7 = 1+(6)
三种:寻找倍数 times
e.g. Mr. Chow’s IQ 80: 160 Mr. foot‘s IQ
Mr. Foot’s IQ reaches 160, 2 times (double) Mr. Chow’s IQ.
Mr. Wang Yi’s popularity 20%: 10% Mr. Tao’s popularity
Water consumption in Brazil and Congo in 2000
Country Population Irrigated land Water consumption per person
Brazil 176 million 26,500 km2 359 m3
Democratic Republic of Congo 5.2 million 100 km2 8 m3
In 2000, the water consumption per person of Brazil with 176 million people reached 359 m3, compared with 8 m3, that of Democratic Republic of Congo at the population of 5.2 million. The area of irrigated land in the former was found 26,500 km2, 265 times that of the latter.
NB:在描述的过程中,始终要记得名词需要配合量词使用(因为服务对象是数字)。此外,因为比较同样的对象,因此比较的前后在词性必须计划持一致。如:The percentage of Brazil is more than Congo.这样的句子就是一种错误。

B、三者或三者以上的比较
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Family type Proportion of people from each
household type living in poverty
single aged person
aged couple
single, no children
couple, no children
sole parent
couple with children
all households
6%(54,000)
4%(48,000)
19%(359,000)
7%(211,000)
21%(232,000)
12%(933,000)
11 %( 1 837 000
题目特点:比较数值众多(3者以上,应用高),基线明显(黑体字,起作用是其他的数值的比较对象,并帮助我们进行数字分类)。
所有的数值代表的是在某一种特定的庭中贫困人数的比例 (The percentage of people from … in poverty)
来自所有庭中贫困的比例达到11%,其对应equivalent to 大概1.8 million。在单身和单亲庭中贫困人数的比例,高的两个,相当于上面平均值the above average的2倍,但是在两者中有孩子的庭贫困比率达到21%,比没有孩子的庭高了2%。相似的,那些有孩子的双亲庭的比例是12%,略高于平均值,要比没有孩子的双亲庭的比例高出了5%,明显低于平均值。在所有的庭种类中,那些有老年人的庭贫困的比例低分别是6%和4%,并且有两个老年人的贫困庭比例更低些。
The percentage of people from all household in poverty reaches 11%, equivalent to nearly 1.8 million. That of poor single family without children and sole-parent family, the top two, is about double 11%, but that of the latter, 21%, higher 2% than that of the former. Similarly, the percentage of people from couple-with-children family in poverty is 12%, slightly higher than the average, more 5% than that of couple-without-children family, lower than the average. Of all family types, those with aged people have the lowest percentage in poverty, 4% and 6%, and the proportion with aged couple is lower.

2、描述数字变化的常用句型和词汇
趋势写作 Identify trendy
12个单词+3个句式+4个连接词
A:12个单词

趋势 描述单词 注意事项
上升 grow, climb, soar 1.其中“soar”和“sink”为限词汇,不能添加任何修饰;
2.在句子和文章中,事实上很少用到上述动词的原型,相反使用多的是它们的“过去式”,以及对应的名词;
3.上升和下降需要和数字建立连接,可供选择的介词to, by, of
To 配合动词和名词,表示“达到”
By/of 表示“变化了”;by跟在动词后面,而of跟在名词后面
下降 drop, fall, sink
平稳 stay unchanged at+不变的值
波动 varybetween…and…(两个值;名词fluctuation between…and…
程度 dramatically (significantly)剧烈的;progressively (gradually)逐渐的;slightly (slowly)缓慢的

表中所提供的单词均为“副词”,需搭配动词使用;如果需要搭配、修饰“名词”,则上述的词汇应变为“形容词”,即:dramatic, progressive, slight

B:3个重要的句式
下面给大演示三种不同的表达方式: Eg.:在2005年到2006年间,当澳洲当地的水费usage charge增加了每千升per kiloliter 0.25元。
(1)主谓句(强调量词的变化)
The usage charge in Australia grew by $0.25 per kiloliter during 2005-2006.
(2) 主谓宾句(强调量词的变化,词性变化)
The usage charge in Australia had a growth of $0.25 per kiloliter between 2005 and 2006.
(3) 被动句(强调变化本身)
A growth of $0.25 per kiloliter was found in the usage charge in Australia over 1 year to Year 2006.
NB: 表示时间的变化,常用的手法
From…to…; between…and…; during…-…; for/over时间差to终止时间

C、4个连接词
1、同一个对象在不同时间段发生的变化:before,after which
2、不同事物之间的相互比较similarly(=The similar pattern is found in...)、however(In contrast...)
Eg.:在过去的2年中,中的GDP(Gross Domestic Production)增长了10%,预计在明年GDP仍可能增长8%左右。但是,日本的GDP在过去的2年中,基本呈现下降趋势,而且预计明年下降得更猛烈。
In the recent 2 years, GDP of China has grown by 10%, after which it is estimated to climb by 8% next year. In contrast, a dropping trend, in the last 2 years, has been found in that of Japan, before it is predicted to be more dramatic.
如果出现不能提别确认图表的数值时,考生可以在一些模糊数值之前加上about、around、nearly、approximately、or so等一些数值的修饰词。
Eg
During 1979- 1999, visits overseas by UK residents, about 12 million in 1979, had a growth to nearly 52 million. The similar pattern was found in visits to the UK by international residents from around 10 million to 30 million. 6.5分
UK residents, about 12 million in 1979, had a growth to nearly 52 million. The similar pattern was found in visits to the UK by international residents from around 10 million to 30 million, but climbing slower than the former. 7分
In 1979, visits abroad by UK residents, 2 million more than those to the UK by overseas residents, was 12 million, after which a dramatic rise to nearly 52 million was found in 1999, when the similar pattern was seen in the visits to the UK by international residents to nearly 30 million. 8分
分值较高的考题也以为着信息量比较大,原文中处处充斥着数值相互比较的感觉。那么在这一个句子中,要充分利用到“插入语-解释和补充”,以及非限制性定语从句来补充其他的内容,然后在结尾处利用similarly以及however进行后的比较。

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