解析雅思大作文段落论证基本方式（上）

雅思大作文段落论证有很多方法 , 比如列举法 , 举例法 , 对比法 , 因果法 , 让步法 , 定义法 , 类比法等 , 但是在平时的训练和后的考中 , 我们可能只会用到其中的几种 , 换句话说 , 我们不可能指望在一篇大作文里使用到全部的论述方法 . 因此 , 今天我们要探讨的是列举法。

列举法 :

用于列举观点 , 理由等 , 是每篇大作文一定会使用到的一种发展手法 , 它是在段落主题句之后用于阐述观点或者理由的句子 . 列举法的常用连接词有 : in the first place, apart from, in addition to, moreover, furthermore, also, in addition, besides, for one thing…for another, on the other hand 等 . 此外 , 有时候我们还可以用诸如 from a helicopter view 或者 from a microco*ic view 来进行大类视角的切换 , 这种也属于列举 .

以下我们先来看几个经典的例子 :

1. Homework has many pluses. Apart from helping students do better on tests, homework helps students review and practice what has been taught in class. Homework helps improve retention and understanding; furthermore , it helps students hone their time management and organizational skills.

2. However, reaching the conclusion that other subjects are no longer important is biased, the obvious benefits of subjects like music and sports for students cannot be denied. For one thing , learning music can cultivate one’s temperament and foster patience and consistency which are both coveted traits for the students. For another , sports energizes students, hence, they are able to plough into their studies enthusiastically and with confidence.

以上的 2 段文字属于“同类”视角的切换 , 换言之 , 都是在“微观 ” 的范围里进行转换 , 以下我们再来看一段文字 :

3. From a helicopter view , in countries, particularly developing ones, the economic advances need numerous professional talents in the fields like finance, management, legislation, medicine, thereby putting universities in a pivotal position of nurturing these professionals.

在这段文字中 , 作者从“微观 ”, 切换到了“宏观 ”, 所谓大类视角切换 , 也同属于列举法的范畴 , 因此我们在用列举法发展段落时 , 同时要注意理由 , 观点的类别 , 在发展的时候要注意层次感 , 使用的连接词要准确 . 一般建议在列举时从“小”写到“大 ”.