如何在雅思阅读中用代词解题

以剑桥雅思4的TEST1的passage2的一个填空题为例：

题目：Nerves linked to their_______are underdeveloped.

原文：Similarly, although at least some cetaceans have taste buds, the nerves serving these have degenerated or are rudimentary.

解析：原文的意思是尽管有些鲸鱼有味蕾，但与之服务的神经已经退化了。在这个句子中these指代前面的taste buds，serving改为了linked.

以剑桥7的TEST1的passage3的一个判断题为例：

题目：In the follow-up class, the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes.

原文：Some hours after the two-part session, there is a follow-up class at which the students are stimulated to recall the material presented. Once again the approach is inderect. The students do not focus their attention on trying to remember the vocabulary, but focus on using the language to communicate (e.g. through games or improvised dramatizations). Such methods are not unusual in language teaching.

解析：两个部分结束后几个小时，有一个后续课程，学生被*要回想这些材料，又一次，方法是见解的，学生并不吧注意力集中到努力记单词上，而是聚焦于使用语言交流(通过游戏还有即兴小品)，这些方法在语言学习中很普遍。Such methods要指代名词复数，前面只有games or improvised dramatizations是复数，而这两个都是教学活动，对应的是判断题题干的teaching activities，similar对应的是题干的not unusual，本题考察指代和双重否定，出题水平很高。

另以剑桥6的TEST1的passage2的一个判断题为例：

题目：“International trade is increasing at a great rate than the world economy.”

原文：“International trade is growing at a startling pace. While the global economy has been expanding at a bit over 3% a year, the volume of trade has been rising at a compound annual rate of about twice that.”

解析：国际贸易正在以惊人的速度在增长。同时全球经济正在以每年3%多一点的速度在扩张，贸易量的年度增长率是世界经济的两倍。最后一个单词that指代前面的名词economy，能不能迅速看出指代的内容直接影响到题目的答案判断。

以剑桥6的TEST4的passage2的一个选词填空为例：

题目：“As a result, factors such as family wealth and attitudes to children have been eliminated, and it has been shown that maternal literacy can in itself improve infant health and survival.

原文：“most literate women learnt to read in primary school, and the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family’s wealth or that it values its children more highly. Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor * women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children’s health and survival.”

解析：题目译文：结果，像家庭的富裕程度和对孩子的态度这些因素已经被消除了，并且表明母亲的文化程度可以本质上改善孩子的健康和存活状态。

雅思阅读原文译文：大多数有文化的女性都接受过小学教育，并且女人接受教育的事实明显可以暗示出她的家庭富裕程度和父母对孩子的重视程度。现在由尼加拉瓜所做的一项长期研究已经消除了这些因素，让成人女性接受教育可以直接影响到孩子的健康和存活状态。

雅思阅读原文中的“these”明显代指题目中的“factors such as family wealth and attitudes to children have been eliminated”。

结合以上例子，我们可以得出结论，代词在阅读答题中起到了重要的作用，考生们要重视代词的指代内容，做出合理推断，最终得出正确答案。