雅思培训学校绘画素材简单 想去德国留学读硕士 景观专业 有哪些学校比较好啊? ...

JUDGE'S PLEDGE

THE JUDGE'S PLEDGE
As a member of the judiciary who desires to improve relations among
counsel and between the Bench and the Bar, I pledge as follows:
To be courteous, respectful and civil to the attorneys, parties, and
witnesses who appear before the court;
To exercise my authority to ensure that all the attorneys, parties, and
witnesses conduct themselves in a civil manner;
To refrain from any conduct or statement which discriminates on the basis
of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation or other personal
characteristic of attorneys, parties, or witnesses;
To instruct all court personnel to act civilly toward attorneys, parties,
and witnesses;
To refrain from the use of abusive, demeaning or humiliating language and
opinions in oral or written communication with attorneys, parties, and
witnesses;
To be punctual in covering all hearings, meetings, and conferences;
To give full consideration to the papers and arguments presented by
counsel
To make a reasonable effort to decide promptly all matters presented for
decision;
To be aware of the time restraints and pressures imposed upon attorneys by
the exigencies of litigation practice, while nevertheless endeavoring to
resolve disputes efficiently;
To make every effort to adhere to the statutes and court rules which are
intended to establish uniformity among all of the courts;
To consider the legitimate calendaring conflicts of attorneys, parties,
and witnesses in the administration of those matters before the court;
To avoid conduct which would give an appearance of favoriti* to any
particular counsel or party;
To be mindful that the court is the servant of the people and its purpose
is the administration of justice.

法官的保证
作为法官队伍中的一名希望改善律师之间的关系以及法官与律师之间的关系的成员，本文作出如下保证：
对出庭或到庭的律师、当事人以及证人礼貌、尊重、文明；
行使本人的职权以保证所有的律师、当事人以及证人以文明方式行事；
避免任何歧视律师、当事人或者证人的种族、宗教、性别、性取向、或其他个人特征的行为或语言；
指示所有法院人员以文明方式对待律师、当事人以及证人；
在与律师、当事人以及证人的口头或书面交流中避免辱骂性的、贬损性的或羞辱性的语言或意见；
准时进行所有的聆审和会议；
充分考虑律师呈交的所有文件和做出的所有辩论；
做出合理努力以迅速地对所有待决事项做出决定；
考虑到诉讼实践给律师带来的时间限制和压力，但是仍然努力有效地解决争端；
尽力遵守旨在使所有法院统一的制定法和法院规则；
在处理法院事务是考虑律师、当事人以及证人的合理的时间冲突；
避免任何对某个律师或当事人由偏袒迹象的行为；
谨记法院是人民的公仆，其目的是维护正义。

Judges

Fewer than one in twenty of those admitted to practice law is a federal, state, county, or municipal court judge. Except for some inferior courts, judges are generally required to be admitted to practice but do not practice while on the bench. There is so little uniformity that it is difficult to generalize further than to point out three salient characteristics that relate to the ranks from which judges are drawn, to the method of their selection, and to their tenure.

Judges are drawn from the practicing bar and less frequently from government service or the teaching profession. There is in the United States no career judiciary like that found in many other countries and there is no prescribed route for the young law graduate who aspires to be a judge, no apprenticeship that must be served, no service that must be entered. The outstanding young law graduates who act for a year or two as law clerks to the most distinguished judges of the federal and state courts have only the reward of the experience to take with them into practice and not the promise of a judicial career. While it is not uncommon for a vacancy on a higher court to be filled by a judge from a lower court, even this cannot be said to be the rule. The legal profession is not entirely unaware of the advantages of a career judiciary, but it is generally thought that they are outweighed by the experience and independence which American lawyers bring to the bench. Many of the outstanding judges of the country�s highest courts have had no prior judicial experience. Critici* has centered instead on the prevalent method of selection of judges.

State court judges are usually elected, commonly by popular vote, but occassionally by the legislature. Popular election has been the subject of much disapproval, including that of the American Bar Association, on the ground that the public lacks interest in and information on candidates for judicial office and that therefore the outcome is too often controlled by leaders of political parties. The situation has been somewhat improved since many local bar associations have undertaken to evaluate the qualifications of candidates and to support or oppose them on this basis.

Since 1937, the American Bar Association has advocated the substitution of a system under which the governor appoints judges from a list submitted by a special nominating board and the judge then periodically stands unopposed for reelection by popular vote on the basis of his or her record. Such a system is now in effect, for at least some judges, in a substantial minority of states. In a *all group of states, judges are appointed by the governor subject to legislative confirmation.

This is also the method of selection of federal judges, who are appointed by the President subject to confirmation by the Senate. Even under the appointive system the selection of judges is not immune from political influence and appointees are usually of the President�s or governor�s own party. But names of candidates for the federal judiciary are submitted to a committee of the American Bar Association and appointment is usually made only with its approval. The office of chief judge or chief justice is usually filled in the same manner as other judicial offices, although in some states it is filled from among the members of the court by rotation, by seniority of service, or by vote of the judges. The Chief Justice of the United States is appointed by the President, subject to Senate confirmation.

The third characteristic is that judges commonly serve for a term of years rather than for life. For courts of general jurisdiction it is typically four, six, or eight years, and for appellate courts, six, eight, or ten years. Happily, even where selection is by popular election, it is customary to return to office for sitting judges whose service has been satisfactory. In a few state courts and in the federal courts the judges sit for life. Whether on the bench for a term of years or for life, a judge may be removed from office only for gross misconduct and only by formal proceedings. Instances of removal have been rare indeed and only a handful of federal judges have been removed by formal proceedings. The independence of the judiciary is also encouraged by the rule that a judge incurs no civil liability for judicial acts, even if guilty of fraud and corruption. The American Bar Association�s Code of Judicial Conduct has been widely adopted as a standard to which judges are expected to adhere. Salaries for the higher judicial offices are usually good although less than the income of a successful private practitioner, the prestige of these offices is high, and the bench has been able to attract many of the country�s ablest legal minds. The great names in American law are in large part the names of its great judges.

TEAMWORK

德国作为近几年的留学热门国家，也是很多艺术生的向往之地。当然，也包括景观设计留学。所以，今天小编就给大家推荐几所德国景观设计大学以及这几所大学的申请要求。

柏林工业大学（Technische UnBerliniversitt）
柏林工业大学（Technische Universitt Berlin，缩写TUB）是世界著名理工院校，德国九所卓越理工大学联盟TU9成员之一，是柏林地区唯一所理工科大学，也是德国规模最大的工业大学。其中，柏林工业大学景观设计专业设在建筑学院。
申请要求：
在校成绩：本科平均分70-75分；
语言成绩：托福80分，雅思6-6.5分；德语授课的课程要求4级以上；
进入重点大学（国家211工程院校）四年制或五年制本科，至少修满一个学期；
进入普通大学四年制或五年制本科，至少修满三个学期。
汉诺威大学（Universitt Hannover）
汉诺威大学（Universitt Hannover）全称为汉诺威莱布尼兹大学（Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universitt Hannover），位于德国下萨克森州首府汉诺威，始建于 1831 年，是德国著名的公立大学。
申请要求：
在校成绩：本科平均分70-75分；
语言成绩：托福80分，雅思6-6.5分；德语授课的课程要求4级以上。
卡塞尔大学(Universitt Kassel)
卡塞尔大学(Universitt Kassel)是位于德国黑森州卡塞尔的一所公立大学。学校的重点领域是技术与环境科学，教育与社会研究，艺术与教师深造。大学各系院分散于卡塞尔市内多个地点。
申请要求：
大学二年级以上学历;
需能过DSH考试，如未通过DSH考试，可在卡塞尔大学参加德语课程培训；
高中毕业证(公证)；
大学在读证明及成绩单；
德语水平程度证明；
若有工作经历，请提供职业培训资格证书。
慕尼黑工业大学（Technische Universitt München）
慕尼黑工业大学（Technische Universitt München）坐落于德国南部巴伐利亚州（拜恩州）首府慕尼黑，是德国最古老的工业大学之一，也是国际享有盛誉的世界顶尖大学。
申请要求：
正规的德语教学学院颁发的证书；
德语语言毕业证书II级；
DSH德语语言考试二级；
德福(TEST DAF)考试平均4分。
以上就是小编推荐的德国景观设计大学了，希望能帮助到准备去德国留学景观设计专业的艺术生。

我基本上从高考完的那个暑假开始，每个假期都在实习打工，可我现在回想起我的假期生活，还是有些遗憾的。希望仅以我的经验总结能够帮助大学生更好的度过假期。

1.高考完的假期

对于即将成为大学生，迎来新的大学生活来说，这个假期太宝贵了。可以和要好的朋友一起去旅游一次。

也可以利用这个假期，学一项技能，比如游泳，比如驾照。尤其是驾照，工作以后，很难有这样集中的时间段去练习。我是工作以后考的驾照。那段时间，每天早上四点多起来坐大巴去驾校，用了三个多月才学下来的。如果是暑假期间，学生身份还能打折，一个多月也就学完了。

学习一个自己感兴趣的技能，比如一支舞蹈，比如一首拿手的歌，这些会让你在军训、新生入学的时候，有才艺傍身，让人眼前一亮。

2 .大学寒暑假

可以提前联系比自己大一两级的师哥师姐，了解她们的学习、就业的动向，提前准备考研或者，也可以根据感兴趣的工作岗位，准备实习。专业相关的实习，可以让你更早的认清自己的职业选择。如果从事本行业，那么专业相关的实习经验，更能让你查漏补缺，为毕业入职的加分项。

3 .大学的小假期

平时的小的节假日，可以尝试*，*打工的过程中，能够更让你了解现实社会的商业规则，培养商业意识。

大学生涯4年，实际上并不长。大学里的课程不再像高中一样，每天排的满满当当的，相反。大学，给了学生们最宝贵的自由。一天的课程可能只上半天，剩下的时间，自由安排。所以大家对于剩余时间的安排和规划，就慢慢彰显了各自的差距。“凡事预则立不预则废”，每个人对于“高质量”的定义也不相同。你需要找到自己的节奏，按照自己的目标，做好提前规划， 才能在短时间内，拿到预期的结果，让大学生涯的假期变得高质量。

可靠。
安娜雅思口语素材，雅思口语素材头一天从雅思官方的题库里拿来准备，从最新的题库里就能看出来。不过还好，题库里准备的素材比较多，比较适合基础差一点，比如大学生，四级水平的人，基础很好的朋友，基础不错的朋友，建议从雅思考试的角度进行练习。雅思口语素材准备素材的话，可以从三个方向进行准备，这样对自己的口语表达能力有一定的信心，比如说第三部分的话题，以及第三部分需要准备素材，part3话题的话题，也可以从第二部分的素材开始积累，每天一到两个小时。准备好口语素材，这个就比较耗时耗力。
雅思备考素材素材是一定要准备的，因为雅思口语素材是有题库可以参考的，所以一定要注意积累素材。一定要准备好雅思口语素材。

写好雅思 作文 离不开日积月累，下面我给大家带来雅思写作 范文 素材：advertisement，希望大家喜欢。

雅思写作高分范文之是否应禁止 广告 范文

In recent years, more and more advertisements have been flooding into our lives. Some advertisements exert negative effects on the youth. Therefore some people suggest that advertisements be banned. Do you agree or disagree with this? Give your reasons.

Along with the rapid progress of society, the advertising industry has undergone remarkable development. Every day we are surrounded by all kinds of ads and commercials, which have a profound influence on our daily lives. As a result, there arises a fierce debate concerning the proposal that we should ban all kinds of advertisements.

On one hand, some people are in favor of the idea that advertisement should not be banned; instead it should be further developed. They are of the opinion that advertisement is a good channel which helps promote the exchanges of information. In an era of information, everyone can benefit a lot from the advertisements, not only the manufacturers but the customers. Moreover, the advertisement enables people to catch up with the amazing advance in all fields. From the mushrooming advertisements, people get to know some newest products and the trend of consumption. Thirdly, advertising, to some extent, is not only an industry but an art. Many advertisements are elaborate works of art full of ingenuity and originality, which render great spiritual pleasure to the viewers and add to the picturesque cityscape. In a word, the advertisement is a blessing for modern people.

Despite the benefits advertisement has brought us, many people strongly condemn it, saying that they have been fed up with all kinds of rubbish ads. They call for a comprehensive ban on the advertisement based on the following reasons. First of all, a majority of advertisements are fictitious and misleading, causing confusion in people’s daily life and even leading to the injury and death of some customers. Secondly, they bring many inconveniences and troubles to us. For example, are you pleased with a mailbox stuffed with unwanted ads or a wonderful film on TV being interrupted frequently? Furthermore, the non-standard use of language in advertisement brings about irreparable damage to the integrity and purity of our language. Consequently, it will exert a disastrous impact on the literacy of our younger generations. In some people’s eyes, the advertisement is just a Genie out of the bottle.

To be frank, it is quite impossible for people to reach an absolute consensus on most controversial issues. To my mind, a total ban on advertisement is not an ideal and practical choice. How can we imagine all advertisements vanishing overnight? The demerits should by no means make us lose sight of the benefits advertisements have brought to us. A more workable and rational attitude should be adopted; that is, to eliminate the false and retain the true. Always bear in mind the old saying:“never throw away the baby with bath water.”

雅思写作大作文范文之 儿童 观看广告

雅思写作真题范文：There are many advertisements directed at children, such as snacks, toys and other goods. Parents argue that children are under pressure. Advertisers claim that the advertisements provide useful information. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.(有许多针对儿童的广告，如零食、玩具和其他商品。家长们认为孩子们处于压力之下。广告商声称广告提供有用的信息。讨论两种观点并给出你自己的观点。

雅思写作大作文题目讲解

此次大作文考察的为广告类话题，也是一道老题目。题目中提出了对立双方：父母认为孩子们比较受广告影响，从而产生一定压力;广告商则认为广告本身能够提供大量有用信息。

雅思写作大作文参考范文

随着儿童成长为广告业的目标群体，产生了一系列针对这些广告的广告，引起了社会的一些争议。

As children grow to be the target group of advertisement industry, a range of advertisements aimed at them have been produced, which had caused some controversies in the society.

Those who advocate the spread of advertising targeted at children deem that these advertisements can provide potential customers with a comprehensive understanding of the products advertised, which can help consumers make well-informed buying decisions. Since television advertisements can present goods in a visual and audio way, this can definitely enhance people’s knowledge of the advertised goods, especially some electronic toys or newly-introduced food.

On the other hand, parents are concerned that children are easily attracted by the vivid advertisement from the Internet or television, and because of it, kids will pester their parents to buy the goods advertised. Obviously, children are a group of consumers without the ability to distinguish good from bad and right from wrong. If they are convinced of the benefits of the products from the advertisement, they will not consider the negative aspects or further explore the truth of the advertisement itself.

Besides, peer pressure is another point which needs to be mentioned here. The widespread advertising campaign will make the public overwhelmed by these advertisements, which means there will always be some parents and children purchasing the advertised goods, and therefore, some psychological factor of children may urge a part of them to obtain the products even though they may not need the goods.

Personally, advertisements themselves contain a lot of information which can be quite useful for consumers. If the advertising industry can be well regulated and children being supervised when they are watching the advertisements, there is no need for parents to worry about the side effects by the widespread advertisements.

雅思考试大作文范文:广告与媒体的问题

雅思大作文题目：广告与媒体的问题

雅思大作文范文：

Television screens, newspapers, buses, andalmost all city streets are flooded by all kinds ofadvertisements. This has both advantages anddisadvantages to consumers who are unavoidablyinfluenced, though the degrees vary from person to person.

Because of the advertisements placed by many competing companies, consumers are ableto learn about certain new products rapidly. If a product happens to be what some consumersneed, they might be attracted to make a purchase and have trial use. If it turns out to bereally good, people would set about recommending it to friends and the sales of this product willgo up very quickly. So, we see this is a win-win situation both to consumers and manufacturersand we also see that consumers are not just influenced profoundly all at once. It takes time forthem to establish faith in the advertised products.

In most cases, the advertised products are good and worth buying. But there are alsocases where the effects or functions of a certain product are much exaggerated and it willdefinitely fool some people when they are attracted all at once and go to buy it. Since a productcan only win the market through its quality and its long established fame, there’s everyreason to believe that those fake or much exaggerated products will eventually lose theirmarket shares and die out. Thus, we see that the market is selective and consumers aresensible in the long term.

In developed countries, there are strict censorship and supervising systems regardingadvertising. If the advertisement put up by a company fails to honor the advertised effects, itwould be termed as fraud, thus violating the law which could lead to really serious result. Inmost cases, the manufacturing company would be fined so heavily that it would be difficult for itto survive any longer.

From the foregoing discussion, we can see that advertisements influence consumers bothfavorably and unfavorably and the degrees of this influence differ from person to person. Toprotect consumers, governments can follow the practice of developed countries by enforcingreally strict censorship and supervising laws in regard to advertising as a whole.

雅思写作语言素材积累：广告类

If a product is good or it meets people’s needs, people will buy it, so advertising is unnecessary and no more than an entertainment. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 人们购*商品是因为需要，广告没有作用，仅仅是娱乐，是否认同?

点评： no more than = only adv 仅仅

相关提问：

1. Nowadays, customers are facing increasing advertisements with the competition of different companies. To what extent do you think customers are influenced by advertisements? What measures can be taken to protect the customers? 现在广告愈来愈多，广告在多大的程度上影响了消费者，如何保护消费者?

点评：分析广告的弊端以及提出解决策略。

2. Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of the society in which they are sold. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 产品销量的提高反映了广告的作用，不是社会需求，是否认同?

点评：广告话题最难的提问角度，写作思路为让步反驳：广告为何不是提高产品销量的因素。

3. Some people believe that advertisements should be banned since they serve no useful purpose and can even be damaging. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 广告应不应该被废除?

点评：让步反驳写法，谈及广告的利好，不能因噎废食。

综合点评：广告为恒热话题，经典提问角度：是否应该废除广告。广告对于消费者的影响和解决策略。广告的利弊。儿童广告的影响和解决策略。

薛鹏思路拓展：

广告的利好：

1. 广告的 教育 性： 公益广告扮演了教育者的角色，例如，希望工程的广告唤醒了人们对偏远地区的失学儿童的关注。

2. 广告的信息性：广告是人们获得信息的 渠道 以及源泉。例如，电视购物广告为人们购*心仪商品提供了便利。

3. 广告的娱乐性：广告是传媒的一种形式，通常具有幽默性，因此，有趣的广告可以博人一笑，增加生活乐趣，例如苹果*的广告。

广告的弊端：

1. 非法广告以及虚假广告危害消费者的利益。例如，很多化妆品以及药品广告，充满了花哨的宣传语以及空洞的承诺，夸大产品的功能，极端情况下，威胁人的健康。

2. 明星代言的广告，诱发消费者购*他们不需要的商品，增加了消费者的经济负担。

3. 很多电视广告令人讨厌，打断精彩的节目。同理，很多人在街头散发广告单，污染环境，浪费行人时间。

解决广告的弊端：

1. *对于非法广告加强监管。

2. 广告明星增强守法意识，理性代言。

3. 消费者增强自我保护意识，理性消费。

薛鹏原创语料库：(同时写作口语卡片：一则广告)

基本语料库：

1. advertisement = advertising n 广告

2. TV commercial n 电视广告

3. public-service ads = public �Cinterest ads n 公益广告

4. advertisement campaign n 广告宣传

5. wise consumers = wise buyers n理性的消费者

6. censorship of ads n广告审查

7. wise buying n 理性消费

8. ads produced by super stars n明星做的广告

9. makeup ads n化妆品广告

10. medicine ads n药品广告

谈及广告的利好：

1. Under no circumstances can we uunderestimate the indispensable roles of ads

in our lives.我们不能忽视广告在生活中的作用。

2. witty slogan 智慧的宣传语

3. eye-catching pictures n 精美的图片

4. exert a subtle influence on v对于 …… 有微妙的影响

5. …… play the role of educator v 扮演教育者的角色

6. …… is a significant source of information v是信息的源泉

7. …… bring huge convenience to consumers v 给消费者带来便利

8. …… serve the function of entertainment v 有娱乐功能

9. promote the sales of the relevant products v 提高相关产品的销量

10. …… is a kind of indispensable industry that create a number of job opportunities and promote the prosperity of relevant industries such as …… 是不可缺少的产业，可以解决就业以及促进相关产业的繁荣例如……

谈及广告的弊端：

1. However, we can never ignore the negative influence induced by advertisement campaign. 然而，我们不能忽视由于广告引起的弊端。

2. Many advertising companies produce advertisements with famous and popular actors or singers 很多的广告公司会雇佣歌手以及明星代言商品。

3. fake and illegal ads n虚假的非法的广告

4. …… are full of flowery phrases and empty promises …… 充满了花哨的宣传语以及空洞的承诺。

5. buy goods without consideration = purchase goods impulsively v冲动购物

6. endanger the consumers’ interests v 威胁到消费者的利益

7. impose much pressure upon consumers economically v 增加消费者的经济负担。

8. consumers are affected by = consumers are influenced by = consumers are swayed by …… v消费者被…… 影响

9. poorly educated children in the remote rural areas n偏远农村地区的文盲儿童

点评：illiterate = poorly educated adj 没有受到良好教育的。

10. irrational buyers = unwise buyers n非理性的消费者

如何解决广告的弊端：

1. strengthen the censorship of counterfeited or illicit ads v 加强对于非法广告和虚假广告的审查力度

2. Consumers could be away from those detrimental ads. 消费者可以远离有害广告的影响。

3. Ads stars enhance their lawful awareness and assume more social responsibilities 广告明星应该增强守法意识以及承担更多的社会责任

4. foster rational consumption habit v培养理性的消费习惯

5. collect some information of other consumers before buying a product v 在*商品前收集一些信息

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