让雅思作文“简洁漂亮”的三大建议 新东方名师：Be和Have在雅思作文中的妙用

雅思考试主要是通过对考生听、说、读、写四个方面英语能力的考核，综合测评考生的英语沟通运用能力，实现“沟通为本”的考试理念。对于雅思考生来说，也有很多考试难点和政策盲区需要帮助解答。今天雅思无忧网小编准备了让雅思作文“简洁漂亮”的三大建议 新东方名师：Be和Have在雅思作文中的妙用，希望通过文章来解决雅思考生这方面的疑难问题，敬请关注。

让雅思作文“简洁漂亮”的三大建议

　　中国烤鸭在雅思写作中，极爱用长难句，自己感觉一写长难句就会高大上，但其实不然。本文中新东方雅思网将为大家提出一些让雅思作文“简洁漂亮”的建议，供大家参考。

建议一：避免空洞的单词和词组

1.一些空洞的单词或词组根本不能为句子带来任何相关的或重要的信息，完全可以被删掉。

比如：When all things are considered, young *s of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents, in my opinion。

这句话当中的“when all things are considered”和“in my opinion“都显得多余。完全可以去掉。改为：

Young *s of today live more satisfying lives than their parents。

2.有些空洞和繁琐的表达方式可以进行替换

例如：Due to the fact that our grandparents were under an obligation to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have at this point in time。

“due to the fact that”就是一个很典型的繁琐的表达方式的例子，可以替换，简化为下面的表达方式：

Because our grandparents were obligated to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have now。

建议二：避免重复

1.尽量避免重复使用同样的词汇。或者有的时候虽然词汇没有重复，但意思却有重复。这时候可以做一些简化的工作。

例如下面这个例子：The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size。

large对一个farm来说就是size方面的large，所以in size可以去掉，改为：

The farm my grandfather grew up on was large。

更简洁的表达方式为：

My grandfather grew up on a large farm。

2.有时一个词组可以用一个更简单的单词来替换

例如：My grandfather has said over and over again that he had to work on his parents' farm。

这里的over and over again就可以改为repeatedly，显得更为简洁：

My grandfather has said repeatedly that he had to work on his parents' farm。

建议三：选择最恰当的语法结构

选择合适的语法结构可以使句子意思的表达更为精确和简练。虽然语法的多样性也很重要，但选择最恰当的语法结构仍然是更为重要的考虑因素。以下原则是在考虑选择何种语法结构时可以参考的原则：

1.一个句子的主语和谓语动词应该能够反映句子中的最重要的意思。

例如：The situation that resulted in my grandfather's not being able to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm。

从意思上来分析，上面这句话需要表达的重要的概念是“grandfather's not being able to study”，而在表达这个概念时，原句用的主语是situation，谓语动词是was，不能强调需要表达的重点概念，可以改为下面这句话：

My grandfather couldn't study engineering because his father needed help on the farm。

2.避免频繁使用“there be”结构

例如下面的句子：There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard work for my grandfather。

可以改为：

My grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day。

更简洁的句式为：

My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily。

3.把从句改为短语或单词。

例如：Dairy cows were raised on the farm, which was located100 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote。

简介的表达方式为：

The dairy farm was located in a remote area, 100 kilometers to the nearest university。

4.仅在需要强调宾语而不是主语的时候，才使用被动语态。

例如：In the fall, not only did the cows have to be milked, but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfather's family。

本句不够简洁的原因是本句的重心应该是“忙碌的家庭-my grandfather's family”，而使用了被动语态後，彷佛重心变成了cows和hay。下面的表达方式是主动语态，相对来说更简洁一些：

In the fall, my grandfather's family not only milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay。

5.用更为精确的一个动词来代替动词短语，

例如：My grandfather didn't have time to stand around doing nothing with his school friends。

Stand around doing nothing其实可以用一个动词来表达，即loiter：

My grandfather didn't have time to loiter with his school friends。

6.有时两句话的信息经过组合完全可以用一句话来简练地表达

例如：Profits from the farm were not large. Sometimes they were too *all to meet the expenses of running a farm. They were not sufficient to pay for a university degree。

两句话的信息可以合并为下面这句更为简洁的句子：

Profits from the farm were sometimes too *all to meet operational expenses, let alone pay for a university degree。

新东方名师：Be和Have在雅思作文中的妙用

“Be”动词和“have/has” 在雅思小作文中的七十二变 　　很多学生写小作文的时候喜欢带着些大作文的痕迹，比如be动词，还有have, has 经常出现。然而在小作文中，除了要客观描述，重点比较之外，还有一个经常被考生忽略的关键要求：使用图表描述语言。那么这个图表专用语言的玄机不仅仅在于上升下降和搭配幅度的必备词汇，更重要的体现在动词的灵活运用上。 　　下面我们以剑7 Test 4 的四线图为例，简单看一下对“Road”那条线的描述，很多学生会写成什么样： 　　Road was always the highest over the 28-year period, and it had a dramatic increase to almost 100 million tonnes in 2002. 　　关于这道题，大多数学生最爱犯的错误就是主语的混淆。其实增长下降的并不是这些交通工具，而是由这些交通工具分别运输的货物的数量的增减。所以其实这句话的所有主语都错了。这跟剑7 Test2 的例题一样，主语并不是chicken 或者beef，而是the consumption of chicken and beef. 下面我们再拆开来分析： 　　前半句话中Road 后面的was 其实想表达“保持”的意思，那么小作文中保持最高完全可以用kept或者是remained这个词，而不是用was这么生硬的论述。那么改成kept之后，后面的largest也可以相应换成一个生动的“most popular”, 即保持最受欢迎的交通方式，这样无论英文还是中文翻译都显得立体起来。 　　而后半句中的had 其实是不符合图形描述的基本句型的。从来没有一个句式是“主语+has/had+变化”。这里的had可以换成更地道的showed或者是witnessed. 所以这句话就可以改成：Road always kept the most popular transport among all the patterns, and it showed a dramatic increase to almost 100 million tonnes in 2002. 　　然而在饼状图中，be动词或者has/had被滥用的几率就更高了。饼状图里首要掌握的就是表示“占有”的单词，然而很多学生在写作文的时候还是下意识地“抛弃”了这些词，反而舍近求远地去选用“俗不可耐”的be动词。就拿剑8 Test1中的混合图表为例，其中的饼状图很简单，就由四个扇面组成，那我们看一下学生一般会写成什么样子： 　　Over-grazing destroys the largest proportion of land, which is 35%. And the world has 30% and 28% land being degraded by deforestation and over-cultivation. Other reasons only take 7% of the pie chart. 　　首先我们看第一句话，这句话中的前半句没有问题，只是后面的which is 就有些非主流了。这里我们可以用一个表示“占有”的词作非谓语动词，比如把后半句改成occupying 35% of the worldwide degradation. 　　在看第二句话，the world has 中的has 用得也不够地道。这里可以改成there be句型就会更顺畅：There were 30% and 28% of the global farming land being degraded by deforestation and over-cultivation respectively. 　　最后一句话，不能说完全就错了，句式是没有问题的，但是在主体段中用pie chart 做主体描述对象显然是不够理智的，除了首段用到“该pie chart显示了….”的句型外，其实在后面的文章当中，主语名词都应该用题意给出的描述对象而不是pie chart。比如这句话可以改成： Other reasons only constitute 7% of the total degraded land.

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