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雅思作文高分技巧--巧用英文中的分词结构 如何使你的雅思作文句型富有变化(上)

更新:2023年03月22日 14:54 雅思无忧

雅思考试主要是通过对考生听、说、读、写四个方面英语能力的考核,综合测评考生的英语沟通运用能力,实现“沟通为本”的考试理念。对于雅思考生来说,也有很多考试难点和政策盲区需要帮助解答。今天雅思无忧网小编准备了雅思作文高分技巧--巧用英文中的分词结构 如何使你的雅思作文句型富有变化(上),希望通过文章来解决雅思考生这方面的疑难问题,敬请关注。
雅思作文高分技巧--巧用英文中的分词结构 如何使你的雅思作文句型富有变化(上)

雅思作文高分技巧--巧用英文中的分词结构

  西方人在书面语里经常会使用分词结构,这也是英语中一种极为实用的句型结构,英文报纸杂志上触目皆是:

· Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.

生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针。 (法国作家 大仲马)

· Dancing in all its forms cannot be excluded from the curriculum of all noble education: dancing with the feet,with ideas,with works,and ,need I add that one must also be able to dance with the pen.

所有高尚教育的课程表里都不能没有各种形式的跳舞:用脚跳舞,用思想跳舞,用言语跳舞,不用说,还需用笔跳舞。(德国哲学家 尼采)

· How much more profitable for the independent mind,after the mere rudiments of education ,to range through a library at random,taking down books as the mother wit suggests!

受到初步的基础教育之后,对于愿意独立思考的人来说,在图书馆里信手取下一本书来,根据个人的天赋随意涉猎,这该是多大的好处啊!(英国纽曼红衣主教 享利)

从上面的例子我们不难看出,英文作者大都喜欢在他们的文章和语言表达中使用“分词结构”,因为这种结构可以使得描述更加生动,更加富有节奏感。同样地,对于参加雅思的考生来说,在写作中适当适量使用这种句型无疑可以提高写作的成绩。

这种分词结构实际上是把两句话合并成一个句子,只是其中一个句子省略主语,成为半句话(作为主句的状语)。这半句话视其含义置于主句的前面或后面。以下是通过分词结构把两个句子合并成一个句子的实例):

1) China’ former leader Mao Zedong once declared war against sparrows.

2) Mao believed sparrows,were a pest and a nuisance.

两句并为一句的先决条件之一是主语相同;其次是这两句话的半句要补充或解释主句,主句为主,半句为从,这个主从关系必须确认。上面两句话符合这两个标准,因此我们可以合并为:

1) China’s former leader Mao Zedong once declared war against sparrows,believing they were a pest and a nuisance.

2) Believing sparrows were a pest and a nuisance,China’s former leader Mao Zedong once declared war against them.

上面的两种形式都可以,即可以把分词结构放在主语的前面或者后面。以believing为首的分词结构告诉我们*向麻雀宣战的背景,宣战是主要含义,两者的从属关系不能混淆。

为了能让大家对于分词结构的运用有更深入的了解,朗阁海外考试研究中心写作组的专家在这里将其用法进行了以下的划分:

分词的独立主格结构

对于主句来说,分词结构通常充当主句的状语。用状语的分词短语的时态要根据分词与主句中谓语的时间关系确定;分词的语态要根据分词与主句中主语的关系确定。若分词的逻辑主语不是主句的主语时,必须要自带。自带的方法为:with/without+名词/代词+分词。这种结构通常被称为“独立分词结构”。分词在句中作状语,用来进一步说明谓语动词的动作,或者说明整个句子所表达的概念。

1.独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时,其作用分别相当于个时间、条件、原因状语从名句。表示伴随方式时,相当于一个并列句。如:

Supper finished (=After supper was finished),we started to discuss the picnic.

吃完晚饭,我们开始讨论野餐的事。

All the tickets having been sold out (=As all the tickets having been sold out),we had to wait for the next week’s show.

所有的票都*出去了,我们只好等着看下周的演出。

2.表示独立主格结构中的being常省略。如:

The football match (being) over, crowds of people poured out into the street.

足球赛五结束,从群便涌到大街上。

Nobody (being) in,I didn’t enter the hall.

里面没有人,我没进大厅。

3.表示伴随方式的独立主格结构,有时可用“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构来替换。如:

He lay there thinking,his hands behind his head (with his hands behind his head).

他双手放在头下,躺在那里思考着。

The river looks more beautiful,flowers and grass growing on both sides(=with flowers and grass growing on both sides).

这条河看上去更加漂亮,因为两岸长满了鲜花和绿草。

with+宾语+宾语补足语的结构是英语中常见常用的结构,其宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等,在句中可作定语,也可作状语,表示原因、方式等。如:

The children looked at us,with their eyes opening wide.

孩子们眼睛睁得大大地看着我。

I would miss the train,with no one to wake me up.

没人叫我,我会错过火车的。

The river with grass and flowers on both sides runs through our schoolyard. 这条两河两岸长满鲜花和绿草正从我们校园穿过。

With the examinations over, we had a long time to rest.

考试结束了,我们有一段长长的时间可以休息。

4.有些惯用的分词短语在句里可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句。如:

generally/strictly/roughly/broadly/narrowly speaking,judging from/by, considering,supposing,providing,provided等。如:

Talking of the computer,I like it very much.

谈到电脑,我非常喜欢。

Considering the time,we have decided to start early tomorrow morning.

考虑到时间,我们已经决定明天一早出发。

如何使你的雅思作文句型富有变化(上)


  句式就是句子的结构方式,也就是句子的式样或格式。不同的思想内容要用不同的句式来表达;而同一思想内容也可以用不同的句式来表达。句式不同,表达效果也就不同。只有句式多样化,文章才会生动有趣,充满活力。可是,在实际写作中,初学写作的学生往往一篇文章都是千篇一律的简单句,文章单调乏味,毫无生气。笔者认为,恰当地使用某些方法或手段有助于实际表达形式的多样化,增强表达效果。兹将常用方法简单介绍如下。

  一、改变句子开头

  许多学生在写作中倾向于用与人有关系的词性,用名词和代词作为句子的开头,如 People,We,I,He,They,She等。但这种开头见多了,难免让人厌倦。试比较:

  A.People throughout the country have greatly demanded all kinds of nutritious food.

  B.There is a great demand across the country for all kinds of nutritious food.

  第一句改用非人称名词作为主语开头,第二句则用there +be句型开头。这样既改变了主语+谓语+宾语单调句型,又把想强调的意思突出出来。实际上,为了把文章写得生动活泼,除了用主语开头外,还可以用句子的其他成分开头。

  1.用副词开头

  Too often,students stray into the habit of cheating on tests.

  2.用同位语开头

  Air,water and oxygen,everything that is necessary for life.

  3.用状语开头

  Dark and empty,the house looked very different from the way I remembered it.

  4.用表语开头

  Equally essential to the highest success in learning a language are intense interest plus persistent effort.

  5.用宾语开头

  My advice you would not listen to;my helps you laughed at.Now you will have what you asked for.

  6.以短语修饰语开头

  1)以介词短语开头

  To me the news was very interesting,but to my wife very boring.

  2)以分词短语开头

  Disturbed by the discord of American life in recent decades,Menchester took flight for the pacific islands.

  3)以不定式短语开头

  To pass the exam,you should work very hard.
  二、巧用连接词

  有的学生在作文中使用过多简单句,成了简单句堆砌;有的写复杂句时,动辄用so, and,then,but,or,however,yet等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的,反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象,可以通过使用连接词,尤其是一些表示从属关系的连接词,如 who,which,that,because,since,although,after,as,before,when,whenever,if,unless,as if等,不仅能够丰富句型,而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚,意义更连贯。例如:

  Natural resources are very limited.They will be exhausted in the near future.It is not true.But it becomes a major concern around the world.This is a widely accepted fact.

  这段文字用简单句表达,它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清,意思支离破碎。如果使用连接词,将单句与其前后合并,形成主次关系,就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。例如:

  It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future,though it is unlikely to be true.

  再如:

  The Mississippi River is one of the longest rivers in the world,and in spring time it often overflows its banks,and the lives of many people are endangered.

  此句用and把三个分句一贯到底,既乏味又可笑。如果使用了关系代词which,语义就会更连贯,语言也会更流畅:

  The Mississippi River,which is one of the longest rivers in the world,often overflows its banks in the spring time,endangering the lives of many people.

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