雅思作文想拿高分，这四个错误一定不能犯 雅思作文高分技巧--巧用英文中的分词结构

b. It jumped from 289 in 1985 to 366 in 2000. It指代the number of people who travelled by train.

c. This makes the train second popular mode of transportation. This 指代上一句话。

从语法角度来看， 文章细小问题较多。

a. 时态：数据变化时间为1985-2000，为一般过去，考生采用的为一般现在。

b. 主谓一致：However the long distance bus rides is much more preferred by people as its figures are more than doubled in the last 15 years. 主语复数，谓语动词单数，主谓不一致。

c. 名词单复数：There's a significant increase in the numbers of people who travelled by train. Number应为单数。

d. 被动语态：as its figures are more than doubled in the last 15 years. People who chose to walk or cycle are decreased slightly in 2000. Number of people choosing different modes of travel is rapidly increased from 450 to 585 in 2000. 这三个句子的动词应该全部改为主动语态。

这样的作文究竟可以得几分呢， 我们来看下考官评语，实际同我们刚刚分析时给出的关键点是一致的。

This is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 6 score. Here is the examiner's comment:

This answer does not introduce the information in the table, nor does it report it accurately. The figures are misinterpreted as representing the number of people rather than the average number of miles travelled per person per year. Consequently the information about the increase in total travel is simply not mentioned, so not all key information is covered. There is an attempt to summarize trends in the figures, but the reader cannot get a clear overall picture of the information because of the fundamental confusion.

Nevertheless, the information is organized and the writing flows quite well because of good use of referencing and other connectors, but there are occasional errors in these and the links between ideas are slightly confusing at times.

The strong feature in this answer is the range of vocabulary which is used with some flexibility and good control. A good range of structures is also used, but there are still some fairly basic mistakes, such as in the choice of tense, subject/verb agreement and inappropriate use of the passive.

当然我们分析这篇考生习作的最终目的不是想告诉大家6分的作文错误百出，于思靓老师是希望同学们可以取长补短，像这篇作文考生所出现的基本问题，如时态、单位、语态等在你的作文中要避免出现，像考官特别看重的他的句子多样性的运用要多加学习。最后期待大家能拿到理想的分数。

雅思作文高分技巧--巧用英文中的分词结构

· Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.

生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针。 (法国作家 大仲马)

· Dancing in all its forms cannot be excluded from the curriculum of all noble education: dancing with the feet，with ideas，with works，and ，need I add that one must also be able to dance with the pen.

所有高尚教育的课程表里都不能没有各种形式的跳舞：用脚跳舞，用思想跳舞，用言语跳舞，不用说，还需用笔跳舞。(德国哲学家 尼采)

· How much more profitable for the independent mind，after the mere rudiments of education ，to range through a library at random，taking down books as the mother wit suggests!

受到初步的基础教育之后，对于愿意独立思考的人来说，在图书馆里信手取下一本书来，根据个人的天赋随意涉猎，这该是多大的好处啊!(英国纽曼红衣主教 享利)

从上面的例子我们不难看出，英文作者大都喜欢在他们的文章和语言表达中使用“分词结构”，因为这种结构可以使得描述更加生动，更加富有节奏感。同样地，对于参加雅思的考生来说，在写作中适当适量使用这种句型无疑可以提高写作的成绩。

这种分词结构实际上是把两句话合并成一个句子，只是其中一个句子省略主语，成为半句话(作为主句的状语)。这半句话视其含义置于主句的前面或后面。以下是通过分词结构把两个句子合并成一个句子的实例)：

1) China’ former leader Mao Zedong once declared war against sparrows.

2) Mao believed sparrows，were a pest and a nuisance.

两句并为一句的先决条件之一是主语相同;其次是这两句话的半句要补充或解释主句，主句为主，半句为从，这个主从关系必须确认。上面两句话符合这两个标准，因此我们可以合并为：

1) China’s former leader Mao Zedong once declared war against sparrows，believing they were a pest and a nuisance.

2) Believing sparrows were a pest and a nuisance，China’s former leader Mao Zedong once declared war against them.

上面的两种形式都可以，即可以把分词结构放在主语的前面或者后面。以believing为首的分词结构告诉我们*向麻雀宣战的背景，宣战是主要含义，两者的从属关系不能混淆。

为了能让大家对于分词结构的运用有更深入的了解，朗阁海外考试研究中心写作组的专家在这里将其用法进行了以下的划分：

分词的独立主格结构

对于主句来说，分词结构通常充当主句的状语。用状语的分词短语的时态要根据分词与主句中谓语的时间关系确定;分词的语态要根据分词与主句中主语的关系确定。若分词的逻辑主语不是主句的主语时，必须要自带。自带的方法为：with/without+名词/代词+分词。这种结构通常被称为“独立分词结构”。分词在句中作状语，用来进一步说明谓语动词的动作，或者说明整个句子所表达的概念。

1.独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时，其作用分别相当于个时间、条件、原因状语从名句。表示伴随方式时，相当于一个并列句。如：

Supper finished (=After supper was finished)，we started to discuss the picnic.

吃完晚饭，我们开始讨论野餐的事。

All the tickets having been sold out (=As all the tickets having been sold out)，we had to wait for the next week’s show.

所有的票都*出去了，我们只好等着看下周的演出。

2.表示独立主格结构中的being常省略。如：

The football match (being) over， crowds of people poured out into the street.

足球赛五结束，从群便涌到大街上。

Nobody (being) in，I didn’t enter the hall.

里面没有人，我没进大厅。

3.表示伴随方式的独立主格结构，有时可用“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构来替换。如：

He lay there thinking，his hands behind his head (with his hands behind his head).

他双手放在头下，躺在那里思考着。

The river looks more beautiful，flowers and grass growing on both sides(=with flowers and grass growing on both sides).

这条河看上去更加漂亮，因为两岸长满了鲜花和绿草。

with+宾语+宾语补足语的结构是英语中常见常用的结构，其宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等，在句中可作定语，也可作状语，表示原因、方式等。如：

The children looked at us，with their eyes opening wide.

孩子们眼睛睁得大大地看着我。

I would miss the train，with no one to wake me up.

没人叫我，我会错过火车的。

The river with grass and flowers on both sides runs through our schoolyard. 这条两河两岸长满鲜花和绿草正从我们校园穿过。

With the examinations over, we had a long time to rest.

考试结束了，我们有一段长长的时间可以休息。

4.有些惯用的分词短语在句里可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句。如：

generally/strictly/roughly/broadly/narrowly speaking，judging from/by， considering，supposing，providing，provided等。如：

Talking of the computer，I like it very much.

谈到电脑，我非常喜欢。

Considering the time，we have decided to start early tomorrow morning.

考虑到时间，我们已经决定明天一早出发。

以上就是雅思无忧网为您准备的访问雅思无忧网(https://www.yasi.cn/)，了解更多雅思考试新消息，新动态。