雅思作文高分技巧--巧用英文中的分词结构 雅思作文评分标准及高分范文

雅思考试主要是通过对考生听、说、读、写四个方面英语能力的考核，综合测评考生的英语沟通运用能力，实现“沟通为本”的考试理念。对于雅思考生来说，也有很多考试难点和政策盲区需要帮助解答。今天雅思无忧网小编准备了雅思作文高分技巧--巧用英文中的分词结构 雅思作文评分标准及高分范文，希望通过文章来解决雅思考生这方面的疑难问题，敬请关注。

雅思作文高分技巧--巧用英文中的分词结构

　　西方人在书面语里经常会使用分词结构，这也是英语中一种极为实用的句型结构，英文报纸杂志上触目皆是：

· Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.

生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针。 (法国作家 大仲马)

· Dancing in all its forms cannot be excluded from the curriculum of all noble education: dancing with the feet，with ideas，with works，and ，need I add that one must also be able to dance with the pen.

所有高尚教育的课程表里都不能没有各种形式的跳舞：用脚跳舞，用思想跳舞，用言语跳舞，不用说，还需用笔跳舞。(德国哲学家 尼采)

· How much more profitable for the independent mind，after the mere rudiments of education ，to range through a library at random，taking down books as the mother wit suggests!

受到初步的基础教育之后，对于愿意独立思考的人来说，在图书馆里信手取下一本书来，根据个人的天赋随意涉猎，这该是多大的好处啊!(英国纽曼红衣主教 享利)

从上面的例子我们不难看出，英文作者大都喜欢在他们的文章和语言表达中使用“分词结构”，因为这种结构可以使得描述更加生动，更加富有节奏感。同样地，对于参加雅思的考生来说，在写作中适当适量使用这种句型无疑可以提高写作的成绩。

这种分词结构实际上是把两句话合并成一个句子，只是其中一个句子省略主语，成为半句话(作为主句的状语)。这半句话视其含义置于主句的前面或后面。以下是通过分词结构把两个句子合并成一个句子的实例)：

1) China’ former leader Mao Zedong once declared war against sparrows.

2) Mao believed sparrows，were a pest and a nuisance.

两句并为一句的先决条件之一是主语相同;其次是这两句话的半句要补充或解释主句，主句为主，半句为从，这个主从关系必须确认。上面两句话符合这两个标准，因此我们可以合并为：

1) China’s former leader Mao Zedong once declared war against sparrows，believing they were a pest and a nuisance.

2) Believing sparrows were a pest and a nuisance，China’s former leader Mao Zedong once declared war against them.

上面的两种形式都可以，即可以把分词结构放在主语的前面或者后面。以believing为首的分词结构告诉我们*向麻雀宣战的背景，宣战是主要含义，两者的从属关系不能混淆。

为了能让大家对于分词结构的运用有更深入的了解，朗阁海外考试研究中心写作组的专家在这里将其用法进行了以下的划分：

分词的独立主格结构

对于主句来说，分词结构通常充当主句的状语。用状语的分词短语的时态要根据分词与主句中谓语的时间关系确定;分词的语态要根据分词与主句中主语的关系确定。若分词的逻辑主语不是主句的主语时，必须要自带。自带的方法为：with/without+名词/代词+分词。这种结构通常被称为“独立分词结构”。分词在句中作状语，用来进一步说明谓语动词的动作，或者说明整个句子所表达的概念。

1.独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时，其作用分别相当于个时间、条件、原因状语从名句。表示伴随方式时，相当于一个并列句。如：

Supper finished (=After supper was finished)，we started to discuss the picnic.

吃完晚饭，我们开始讨论野餐的事。

All the tickets having been sold out (=As all the tickets having been sold out)，we had to wait for the next week’s show.

所有的票都*出去了，我们只好等着看下周的演出。

2.表示独立主格结构中的being常省略。如：

The football match (being) over， crowds of people poured out into the street.

足球赛五结束，从群便涌到大街上。

Nobody (being) in，I didn’t enter the hall.

里面没有人，我没进大厅。

3.表示伴随方式的独立主格结构，有时可用“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构来替换。如：

He lay there thinking，his hands behind his head (with his hands behind his head).

他双手放在头下，躺在那里思考着。

The river looks more beautiful，flowers and grass growing on both sides(=with flowers and grass growing on both sides).

这条河看上去更加漂亮，因为两岸长满了鲜花和绿草。

with+宾语+宾语补足语的结构是英语中常见常用的结构，其宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等，在句中可作定语，也可作状语，表示原因、方式等。如：

The children looked at us，with their eyes opening wide.

孩子们眼睛睁得大大地看着我。

I would miss the train，with no one to wake me up.

没人叫我，我会错过火车的。

The river with grass and flowers on both sides runs through our schoolyard. 这条两河两岸长满鲜花和绿草正从我们校园穿过。

With the examinations over, we had a long time to rest.

考试结束了，我们有一段长长的时间可以休息。

4.有些惯用的分词短语在句里可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句。如：

generally/strictly/roughly/broadly/narrowly speaking，judging from/by， considering，supposing，providing，provided等。如：

Talking of the computer，I like it very much.

谈到电脑，我非常喜欢。

Considering the time，we have decided to start early tomorrow morning.

考虑到时间，我们已经决定明天一早出发。

雅思作文评分标准及高分范文

Task Response

Coherence and Cohesion

Lexical Resource

Grammatical Range and Accuracy

雅思的4Gates就是其评分标准，分别为“内容”，“逻辑结构”，“语法的准确使用和范围”以及“词汇量”四个标准。根据下面的全面修改案例，读者可以清楚的看到一篇5.5分的雅思范文是如何在修改之前蜕变成为高分作品。

Cambridge 8 – Test 2

Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.

In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make?

Has this become a positive or negative development?

原文：

Nowadays the way people interact with each other has changed because of technology.

Yes, the technology has changed the people’s interaction in very enhanced manner. Earlier people use to wait and try to find easy way to contact their friends or relatives leaving far. In past there was no quick technology to contact or to establish any communication between one person to another person. The drawback with past communication systems was that it were very slow and were time taking process such as telegrams, letter etc. People used to afraid to write their personal feedbacks or things to their love ones due to insecure medium of communication. When it comes to professional level, the privacy and accuracy should be maintain but, to that time there were no secure communications.

Now the things have changed around, people from far distance contact their loves one in an easy and quick ways which improves the interaction level between two person. Quality the level of the interaction between people to people, has improved because the people are equipped with high-tec technology which enhances the communication. There are many many medium which are available now such as internet, called cards etc.

The technology has provided the mobility faster which help people to talk or to interact at any time anywhere in the world.

People can contact their friend or relatives any time they want. It has become so easier and feriendly to be in touch with your feriends, relatives even with the unknown people.

原文翻译：

今天，由于科技的发展人们相互交流的方式也发生了变化。

是的。技术改善了人们的交流方式。以前人们总是期待找到方便的方法联系居住在异地的亲朋好友。以前没有高效的技术帮助人们沟通交流。以往的通讯系统的问题是速度慢，费时间，比如：电报和信件等。在过去，人们不敢给爱人写一些私密的事情因为担心通信不够安全。专业的通信技术应该是安全的、准确的，但是在当时根本没有安全的通信可言。

现在，这些事情已经改变了，住在远处的人们利用一种高效的方式联系他们的爱人。这些方式改善了人们之间的交流方式。因为人们使用了改善交流的高科技，所以他们交流的方式已经得到改善。现在有了很多这类媒体，比如：国际互联网、语音卡等。

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