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雅思作文“论证”的秘诀 让你的雅思作文简洁完美的三条建议

更新:2023年04月11日 10:54 雅思无忧

雅思考试主要是通过对考生听、说、读、写四个方面英语能力的考核,综合测评考生的英语沟通运用能力,实现“沟通为本”的考试理念。对于雅思考生来说,也有很多考试难点和政策盲区需要帮助解答。今天雅思无忧网小编准备了雅思作文“论证”的秘诀 让你的雅思作文简洁完美的三条建议,希望通过文章来解决雅思考生这方面的疑难问题,敬请关注。
雅思作文“论证”的秘诀 让你的雅思作文简洁完美的三条建议

雅思作文“论证”的秘诀 作文并不是讲道理


雅思大作文考的是议论文,即考查考生是否能够在相对较短的时间内搜集论据,具体地论证自己的观点。另外,大作文的话题范围也很广,*社会、工作、经济、科技、教育等话题都会考到。但对于长期接触国内英语学习的学生来说,在写作时仍然会摸不着头脑,无处下笔。因为中国考生很少考虑这方面的问题,学校老师也很少鼓励对这些社会话题进行讨论,造成考生想问题往往只能按照固定模式,因而论证非常空洞、缺乏说服力。

中国考生在应对雅思作文时喜欢通过讲道理来说明问题,但话题中并不是所有题目和内容都可以通过道理来说服他人的,比如关于“anti-social behavior”, 属于道德范畴的话题,是很难用道理来讲清楚的。所以,建议考生在备考时需要加强论据论证的能力,使其能够很好地支持自己的观点。

那么,应该如何对大作文进行有力的论证呢?最常用的方式就是解释和例证,几乎在每一篇雅思大作文中,都可以看见这两种论证方法的身影。

如下面关于“work at home or study at home”的一段例证:

IBM, one of the business giants, has saved nearly 70 million US dollars in its northeastern region by promoting telecommuting, which has been a driving force to other enterprises to convert their normal working staff into telecommuters. Companies in Japan are one of them and plan to launch the scheme in 2009, which, in turn, spiritually wins more supports from the existing employees, and attracts new hires. 这段话中的2个例子(商业巨头IBM和日本的企业计划)都较好地完成了“若员工选择在家上班,会对公司带来积极的作用”这一证明。

此外,提醒考生们需要注意的是,雅思大作文明确指出“give reasons or examples from your own experience”, 这里的“your own experience”和“your personal experience”是完全不同的概念。前者是指通过个人的学习和总结而获得的经验,后者是指个人经历或周围某个个体的故事。如谈到“working hard produces better results”, “your own experience”的例子一定是“some 3-year-high school students usually stay up late to review lessons and prepare for next day classes”, 而“your personal experience”的例子则应该是“my roommate, Tony has always been working hard on studies and staying up late every night”, 不难看出两者的区别。故雅思大作文是不能使用个人案例的论据的,这一点与新托福的写作也是不同的。

另外,数据论证也是一个重要的方法,同时也是国外文章中非常常见的。使用这种方式,需要注意两点:数据和数据的来源。数据的真实性不重要,但至少要看上去是“真实的”。如:A survey by the latest Ministry of Labour’s opinion poll shows that more companies would like to open their doors to disabled people, as long as they can access to modern technology, and the rate has been increasing every year by 5% since 2003.

使用数据论证,提醒考生们不要刻意将数据夸张,这样反而会降低数据的真实可靠性。常见的句型有“a survey by….shows that / a research by….finds out that / a study by….suggests that / Statistics by….conclude that…”省略号的部分是需要根据文章的内容来填写的数据来源出处或机构。常用的机构包括:国外大学、学院、报纸、杂志、电视台、之声、网站、研究机构、民意调查等。我们按顺序给大家做一个示范:the University of Sussex, Business College of several European countries, the USATODAY, state media CNN, BBC Talking Point, , American Institute for Research, Harris Interactive Poll等,考生可按照自己的情况,来准备几个备选方案以供使用。

第三个常见的论证方法要数对比论证了。对比论证可以是一个东西或行为的正反面对比,也可以是一种现象的时间前后的论证。如下面关于“是否moving to regional areas”的例子:

Staffs used to complain about the crowded offices shared with climbing number of colleagues, the acute shortage of parking lots, the expensive luncheon, and the tedious civic landscape filled up with cement, steel rods and ceramic tiles. Now, companies can move to larger spaces, like industrial parks in the regional areas equipped with more personalized facilities, ranging from regular shuttle bus service, areas for relaxation, and more comfortable meeting rooms to hold a larger group of audience.

使用对比论证法可以让段落的内容和字数大幅度提高。上面的这段论述,完全可以只写搬迁到郊外办公后对员工的利益;但是增加了前面“staff used to…”的内容,能够加倍体现迁移的好处,前后形成一个鲜明的对比,增加文章的说服力。不过,需要特别注意的是,若使用不当,对比论证也可能让文章变得乏味。比如上面的例子中,在“staff used to…”这段文字中讲到了员工的种种抱怨(停车车位紧缺、午饭昂贵、办公室狭小等),如果在后面的利益中接着谈搬迁到郊外后停车车位不紧缺、午饭便宜、办公室宽敞等内容的话,大家不难发现这样的论证其实是很无趣的。所以选择对比论证法一方面可以增加论证的内容,另一方面也加大了考生寻找论据的难度,也就是说考生需要找不同方面的内容填塞到对比论证中。

以上介绍了几种比较常见的论证方法,希望考生们能够在大作文中以充分的论据进行论证,避免整篇文章都是空洞的大道理。

让你的雅思作文简洁完美的三条建议


  很多学生在练习英文作文时,认为长句、难句或复杂句能够提升文章的语言质量,展示自己“深厚”的语言功底,并因此获得更高的分数。他们在备考复习时也花了很多精力在长句的练习上,考试时也会尽量使用长句。这种想法确实有一定的道理,因为很多考试如新托福的写作科目评分标准中确实有从语法或用词的多样性等角度考察语言质量的评分项目,考生如果能够熟练地运用各种句式写出精彩的长句,确实能给文章增色不少。

  然而,雅思中国网雅思专家认为:一味地追求句子的长度有时反而会牺牲句子的“可读性”,特别是对一些基础一般的学生来说,有时生硬地追求长句反而破坏了句子的句法准确性。下面我们就来看一些例子,体会一些写得并不成功的长句和怎样修改的建议:

  建议一: 避免空洞的单词和词组

  1. 一些空洞的单词或词组根本不能为句子带来任何相关的或重要的信息,完全可以被删掉。比如下面的句子:

  When all things are considered, young *s of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents, in my opinion。
  这句话当中的“when all things are considered”和“in my opinion“都显得多余。完全可以去掉。改为:
  Young *s of today live more satisfying lives than their parents。

  2. 有些空洞和繁琐的表达方式可以进行替换,例如:

  Due to the fact that our grandparents were under an obligation to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have at this point in time。
  “due to the fact that”就是一个很典型的繁琐的表达方式的例子,可以替换,简化为下面的表达方式:
  Because our grandparents were obligated to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have now。

  建议二: 避免重复

  1. 尽量避免重复使用同样的词汇。或者有的时候虽然词汇没有重复,但意思却有重复。这时候可以做一些简化的工作。例如下面这个例子::

  The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size。
  large 对一个farm来说就是size方面的large,所以in size可以去掉,改为:
  The farm my grandfather grew up on was large。

  更简洁的表达方式为:

  My grandfather grew up on a large farm。

  2. 有时一个词组可以用一个更简单的单词来替换,例如:

  My grandfather has said over and over again that he had to work on his parents' farm。
  这里的over and over again就可以改为repeatedly,显得更为简洁:
  My grandfather has said repeatedly that he had to work on his parents' farm。

  建议三:选择最恰当的语法结构

  选择合适的语法结构可以使句子意思的表达更为精确和简练。虽然语法的多样性也很重要,但选择最恰当的语法结构仍然是更为重要的考虑因素。以下原则是在考虑选择何种语法结构时可以参考的原则:

  1. 一个句子的主语和谓语动词应该能够反映句子中的最重要的意思。例如:.

  The situation that resulted in my grandfather's not being able to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm。
  从意思上来分析,上面这句话需要表达的重要的概念是“grandfather's not being able to study”,而在表达这个概念时,原句用的主语是situation,谓语动词是was,不能强调需要表达的重点概念,可以改为下面这句话:
  My grandfather couldn't study engineering because his father needed help on the farm。

  2. 避免频繁使用“there be”结构,例如下面的句子:

  There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard work for my grandfather。

  可以改为:
  My grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day。

  更简洁的句式为:
  My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily。

  3. 把从句改为短语或单词。例如:

  Dairy cows were raised on the farm, which was located100 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote。

  简介的表达方式为:
  The dairy farm was located in a remote area, 100 kilometers to the nearest university。

  4. 仅在需要强调宾语而不是主语的时候,才使用被动语态。例如:

  In the fall, not only did the cows have to be milked, but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfather's family。

  本句不够简洁的原因是本句的重心应该是“忙碌的家庭-my grandfather's family”,而使用了被动语态后,仿佛重心变成了cows和hay。下面的表达方式是主动语态,相对来说更简洁一些:

  In the fall, my grandfather's family not only milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay。

  5. 用更为精确的一个动词来代替动词短语,例如下面这句话:

  My grandfather didn't have time to stand around doing nothing with his school friends。
  Stand around doing nothing其实可以用一个动词来表达,即loiter:
  My grandfather didn't have time to loiter with his school friends。

  6. 有时两句话的信息经过组合完全可以用一句话来简练地表达,例如:

  Profits from the farm were not large. Sometimes they were too *all to meet the expenses of running a farm. They were not sufficient to pay for a university degree。

  两句话的信息可以合并为下面这句更为简洁的句子:

  Profits from the farm were sometimes too *all to meet operational expenses, let alone pay for a university degree。

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