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让你的雅思作文简洁完美的三条建议 双边态度在雅思作文中的运用

更新:2023年04月25日 13:39 雅思无忧

雅思考试主要是通过对考生听、说、读、写四个方面英语能力的考核,综合测评考生的英语沟通运用能力,实现“沟通为本”的考试理念。对于雅思考生来说,也有很多考试难点和政策盲区需要帮助解答。今天雅思无忧网小编准备了让你的雅思作文简洁完美的三条建议 双边态度在雅思作文中的运用,希望通过文章来解决雅思考生这方面的疑难问题,敬请关注。
让你的雅思作文简洁完美的三条建议 双边态度在雅思作文中的运用

让你的雅思作文简洁完美的三条建议


  很多学生在练习英文作文时,认为长句、难句或复杂句能够提升文章的语言质量,展示自己“深厚”的语言功底,并因此获得更高的分数。他们在备考复习时也花了很多精力在长句的练习上,考试时也会尽量使用长句。这种想法确实有一定的道理,因为很多考试如新托福的写作科目评分标准中确实有从语法或用词的多样性等角度考察语言质量的评分项目,考生如果能够熟练地运用各种句式写出精彩的长句,确实能给文章增色不少。

  然而,雅思中国网雅思专家认为:一味地追求句子的长度有时反而会牺牲句子的“可读性”,特别是对一些基础一般的学生来说,有时生硬地追求长句反而破坏了句子的句法准确性。下面我们就来看一些例子,体会一些写得并不成功的长句和怎样修改的建议:

  建议一: 避免空洞的单词和词组

  1. 一些空洞的单词或词组根本不能为句子带来任何相关的或重要的信息,完全可以被删掉。比如下面的句子:

  When all things are considered, young *s of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents, in my opinion。
  这句话当中的“when all things are considered”和“in my opinion“都显得多余。完全可以去掉。改为:
  Young *s of today live more satisfying lives than their parents。

  2. 有些空洞和繁琐的表达方式可以进行替换,例如:

  Due to the fact that our grandparents were under an obligation to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have at this point in time。
  “due to the fact that”就是一个很典型的繁琐的表达方式的例子,可以替换,简化为下面的表达方式:
  Because our grandparents were obligated to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have now。

  建议二: 避免重复

  1. 尽量避免重复使用同样的词汇。或者有的时候虽然词汇没有重复,但意思却有重复。这时候可以做一些简化的工作。例如下面这个例子::

  The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size。
  large 对一个farm来说就是size方面的large,所以in size可以去掉,改为:
  The farm my grandfather grew up on was large。

  更简洁的表达方式为:

  My grandfather grew up on a large farm。

  2. 有时一个词组可以用一个更简单的单词来替换,例如:

  My grandfather has said over and over again that he had to work on his parents' farm。
  这里的over and over again就可以改为repeatedly,显得更为简洁:
  My grandfather has said repeatedly that he had to work on his parents' farm。

  建议三:选择最恰当的语法结构

  选择合适的语法结构可以使句子意思的表达更为精确和简练。虽然语法的多样性也很重要,但选择最恰当的语法结构仍然是更为重要的考虑因素。以下原则是在考虑选择何种语法结构时可以参考的原则:

  1. 一个句子的主语和谓语动词应该能够反映句子中的最重要的意思。例如:.

  The situation that resulted in my grandfather's not being able to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm。
  从意思上来分析,上面这句话需要表达的重要的概念是“grandfather's not being able to study”,而在表达这个概念时,原句用的主语是situation,谓语动词是was,不能强调需要表达的重点概念,可以改为下面这句话:
  My grandfather couldn't study engineering because his father needed help on the farm。

  2. 避免频繁使用“there be”结构,例如下面的句子:

  There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard work for my grandfather。

  可以改为:
  My grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day。

  更简洁的句式为:
  My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily。

  3. 把从句改为短语或单词。例如:

  Dairy cows were raised on the farm, which was located100 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote。

  简介的表达方式为:
  The dairy farm was located in a remote area, 100 kilometers to the nearest university。

  4. 仅在需要强调宾语而不是主语的时候,才使用被动语态。例如:

  In the fall, not only did the cows have to be milked, but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfather's family。

  本句不够简洁的原因是本句的重心应该是“忙碌的家庭-my grandfather's family”,而使用了被动语态后,仿佛重心变成了cows和hay。下面的表达方式是主动语态,相对来说更简洁一些:

  In the fall, my grandfather's family not only milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay。

  5. 用更为精确的一个动词来代替动词短语,例如下面这句话:

  My grandfather didn't have time to stand around doing nothing with his school friends。
  Stand around doing nothing其实可以用一个动词来表达,即loiter:
  My grandfather didn't have time to loiter with his school friends。

  6. 有时两句话的信息经过组合完全可以用一句话来简练地表达,例如:

  Profits from the farm were not large. Sometimes they were too *all to meet the expenses of running a farm. They were not sufficient to pay for a university degree。

  两句话的信息可以合并为下面这句更为简洁的句子:

  Profits from the farm were sometimes too *all to meet operational expenses, let alone pay for a university degree。

双边态度在雅思作文中的运用

学生在进入雅思的精品学习阶段的之后,开始大量地接触雅思作文真题并渐渐地了解到各种作文形式。此时,TASK2由于其规定字数较多以及对考生观点有较高的要求而成为雅思写作考试中的重头戏,因此学生会对其给予较多的关注。笔者身为培训教师,发现在教学过程中被问及最多的问题就是:对于辩论型作文,究竟是采取单边支持方式较好还是运用双边讨论观点更加合适?

要回答这一问题,首先应该从雅思主办者的地域思维特征谈起,英国人思考缜密,性格稳重,对待问题讲究客观公正,与美国人热情奔放,追求自我个性有着较大的差别。这些也同时体现在雅思考试的作文评分标准上,雅思相较于托福而言,更倾向于考察学生对于问题的全面把握与客观理解,因而从历年的雅思写作真题和其范文上分析,关于辩论型题目考官还是更青睐双边讨论型的写作方式,大多数高分作文都具备这一特点。

放下分析解决型文章不谈,辩论型文章的任务要求一般有以下几种:

1 To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

2 Discuss both these views and give your own opinions.

3 To what extent do the benefits outweigh the drawbacks? (措辞有时略有不同,但主要意思不变)

4 What is your opinion?

中国学生常常陷入对第一个指令的认识误区,错误以为只能从同意或不同意的单一角度去分析问题,一些培训机构有时也会在这些方面上误导学生。实际上,这个问题并不仅仅就是个单项选择,而是可以从正反两方面多角度去分析的,例如2008年3月13日的这道大作文考题:

People should look after their health as a duty to the society they live in rather than personal benefits. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

对于该题,完全可从健康作为社会责任和个人利益时的优劣两个角度去讨论,兼顾两方面,从而可以达到写作分析阐述上的客观,避免有过于偏颇片面的看法。这在雅思作文考试中是应时刻注意的一点。

类似的思路还应用在第三个指令上,该要求的目的并非要求考生一定要得出一个“利大于弊”或“弊大于利”的狭隘观点,然后针对这一方面进行分析;而应在论述过程中,对有益和不利方面均要涉及,一同阐明,最终得出一个客观公正的结。在如2008年2月23日这道考题:

In some countries, it is now possible for people to buy a wide variety of foods transported from all over the world. To what extent do the benefits of this development outweigh the drawbacks?

人们在本国就可以*到来自于世界各地的食品,该题目要求对这一现象进行利弊的比较和讨论,考生理应要对两方面都进行阐述,才符合题目的要求。

对以上两个指令的回应很好地表明了双边讨论文章正确的立意和思路----要么从某一个问题的正反角度去比较,或者在不同事物之间寻找参照进行评述,简而言之,要尽可能客观而全面地分析讨论而不是简单地妄下定论。

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