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雅思听力part2真题 雅思听力里的略读(二)

更新:2023年06月10日 18:40 雅思无忧

雅思考试主要是通过对考生听、说、读、写四个方面英语能力的考核,综合测评考生的英语沟通运用能力,实现“沟通为本”的考试理念。对于雅思考生来说,也有很多考试难点和政策盲区需要帮助解答。今天雅思无忧网小编准备了雅思听力part2真题 雅思听力里的略读(二),希望通过文章来解决雅思考生这方面的疑难问题,敬请关注。
雅思听力part2真题 雅思听力里的略读(二)

2021年12月雅思考试:雅思听力干扰信息如何识别 - 百...

排除干扰信息是大家所要掌握的最核心的雅思听力答题方法,这对大家理解录音材料的含义,选择正确的答案都有非常大的影响。大家一起来看看如何根据题目的特点排除雅思听力考试中干扰信息吧。
雅思听力考试有一个显著的特点,那就是在听题前会给考生足够的时间审题。照理说,这应该给考生带来了极大的优势,在各类出国英语考试中,这种便利是很少的。可是为什么雅思听力考试还是这么难呢?分析认为,这就要从雅思听力考试的一大特点:干扰信息,开始说起了。
所谓干扰信息,就是在录音中,和正确答案一起出现的、极易混淆为答案的内容。简单来说,就是录音中的陷阱,不小心掉进去了,正确答案就与你无缘了。干扰信息是雅思听力考试为难考生的两大利器之一,所以了解并学会区分干扰信息,对于提高考生的听力成绩至关重要。下面我们先通过一些具体的真题,来说明干扰信息的神出鬼没,层出不穷。
一、什么是干扰信息?
1、填空题
例1:
剑桥5 Test 3 Section 1
Engine size: 1. __________
原文:The one I’ve got at the moment’s a 1.2-litre engine but I find it a bit slow on long journeys. I’d like a bit more power this time… 1.4 should do. I don’t think I need a 1.6 or anything.
答案:1.4 litres
解析:可以发现在这短短的几句话中,出现了三个可以表示engine size的数字:1.2,1.4和1.6,那么除了正确答案,剩下的两个,就是明显的干扰信息。而且正确答案既不是第一个,也不是最后一个,反而是中间的,如果无法正确辨析,就极易出错。
2、单选题
例2:
剑桥4 Test 3 Section 2
12. What will the reviewer concentrate on today?
A theatre
B dance
C exhibition
原文:The programme has sensational theatre, dance and also a large number of art exhibitions, but the thing the Festival is most famous for is its great street music. For today’s report though, Geoffrey, I’m looking at some of the theatrical events that you might like to see…
答案:A
解析:这道题就更加令人困惑了,可以发现单选题中的三个选项全部在原文中出现了,听到这里,恐怕考生都要茫然不知所措了。而真正的答案却在两句话后,通过同义转换的形式出现:theatrical events。
3、多选题
例3:
剑桥5 Test 1 Section 3
Questions 24&25
What TWO types of coursework are required each month on the part-time course?
A a case study
B an essay
C a survey
D a short report
E a study diary
原文:Well, it’s a mixture. You’d be expected to write an essay each month, which counts towards your final asses*ent. You have a case study to do by the end of the course, which might involve doing a survey or something like that, and also you need to hand in a short report every four weeks.
答案:B D
解析:可以发现,该多选题的五个选项,在原文中出现了四个,而正确答案只有两个,这往往会使得本来就听得云里雾里的考生,更加郁闷,很可能就随便蒙两个答案算了。
以上举的三个例子说明干扰信息无处不在,不管是哪个Section,什么题型,什么场景,什么类型的答案,都有可能出现干扰信息。既然干扰信息给我们做题带来如此大的困扰,我们到底该如何正确辨识干扰信息呢?
二、通过题目中的限定词排除干扰
干扰信息出现的情况如此多变复杂,我们的解决方法也不可能单一。有一大类的干扰信息的排除是可以在题目中就找到线索的,这就是我们所谓的限定词。通过仔细审题,找准题目中已经出现的限定词,可以帮助我们有效排除干扰。
1、限定词的定义
所谓限定词,就是在题目中出现,起到限定答案范围作用的词。换句话说,限定词可以帮助我们圈定答案范围,从而排除不符合限定的干扰信息。我们还是用一个例子来说明限定词的作用。
例4:
剑桥5 Test 4 Section 1
Intended length of stay: 3. ___________
原文:I’m planning on staying a year but at the moment I’m definitely here for four months only.
答案:1 year
解析:我们可以从题目中的length of stay,预测出我们要填的是一个表示时间的答案。在原文中我们听到了两个时间:one year和four months。那么我们从何判断出哪个是正确答案,哪个是干扰信息呢?这时候就要看题目中的“Intended”了,这个词表示“计划、打算”,于是限定了我们的答案必须是“打算住多久”。显然原文中的“I’m definitely here for four months”并不符合题目要求,而“I’m planning on staying a year”才是我们要的答案。题目中的“intended”和原文中的“planning”同义转换了。在这里,“intended”就是限定词。很明显,如果我们没有注意到这道题中的限定词,是无法排除干扰信息的。
2、怎样发现限定词
确切的说,我们要学习怎么判断一道题目中有没有限定词,以及哪些是限定词。要在审题的短短几十秒内做到这点,需要大量的练习和经验。
1、形容词
剑桥5 Test 4 Section 1
Maximum price: 9 £__________ a week
maximum表示,显然干扰信息一定都比正确答案要小。类似的词还有:minimum最小,most最多,least最小,major大部分的,minor小部分的,first第一,last最后,等等。
剑桥6 Test 3 Section 3
24 Jack thinks the music preferences of __________ listeners are similar.
看到similar,我们想到的恐怕不是same就是different吧!在这题中,same和similar同义转换,干扰信息就是表示different的内容。所以注意这个词就对了!
剑桥5 Test 1 Section 1
Next tour date 3 __________
原文中出现两个日期,一个是April 18th,一个是June 2nd,显然我们要填较近的那个日期。
通过以上例子我们可以发现,形容词作限定词的范围是非常之广的,但是显然,并不是题目中出现的所有形容词都是限定词。在判断限定词的时候,我们一定要记住,限定词的作用是缩小答案范围,那些只是单纯起修饰作用,没有限定作用,并且非常容易被替换的形容词,是无需注意的。比如:
剑桥4 Test 1 Section 1
good 1 _________
剑桥5 Test 3 Section 3
useful to have 24 _________
剑桥6 Test 2 Section 2
17 _________ essential
这三道题目中的三个形容词,不是被彻底替换了,就是在空后出现,还有的连替代词都没有出现。

如何处理雅思听力里的地图题?

雅思听力地图题解决方案
无忧机经预测 2021-12-05

绝大部分同学对于听力中地图题的感觉都是:语速快,容易出现连续几题丢分的状况。所以将在本文中来和大家分享听力中地图题的一些技巧的运用与难点的解决。
一、题型特征
1. 地图题的叫法是从第一眼印象上来命名的,具体而分,此种题型会包括填空和选择两种,也就是既有可能让大家在听力中进行填空,也有可能要求大家在听力过程中边听边选。所以,地图题既涉及填空题的细节拼写,也涉及选择题的听力理解,是有双重可能的题型。

2. 但是无论是哪一种类型的地图,都会非常严格地按照题号顺序来出现答案,这也是符合听力中相当严格的顺序性原则的。有的同学在一些选择类题型中会误以为是以字母顺序出现答案,那确实会导致大面积的失误和丢分。

3. 从目前存在的雅思听力材料(包括剑桥雅思真题和OG)来看,无论图中是否存在上北下南左西右东的方向标示,听力原文中都会听到此类信息;上下前后自然也是会提到的方位信息。

4. 语速快,对考生的反应力要求高。

二、题型技巧

鉴于以上的题型特征,朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家们在不断的研究与实践过程中为大家总结出了一套应对地图题的方案,供大家在平时练习和实际考试中运用,希望对大家在此题型上的得分可以起到帮助作用。我们的方案包括以下几个方面:方向方位,读题顺序,特殊位置,特殊形状,三点一线,特殊数量,包围关系,马路交叉。下面我们将基于官方公布的真题系列来一一和大家分享一下这些技巧。

1. 方向方位

题型特征中我们提到无论图中是否标明方向,听力中都会使用东南西北,所以建议大家拿到一幅图就先自行划出方向;如若有“路痴”级别的同学连左右都分不清的,也请在图上显眼地标示出right and left。从目前官方公布的真题来看,听力中所讲的左右必定与我们读者的左右是保持一致的,并不会出现左右相反的情况。

2. 读题顺序

题目要求-起始点-题号-已知信息是基本的读题顺序:

题目要求指的是在填空类地图中对于字数的限制,如剑桥雅思8 Test 2 Section 2中的地图就规定no more than two words。

起始点在某一些图中会很清晰地标示出来,那会是听力中描述这幅图的开始处,如剑桥雅思4 Test 1 Section 2中的图就有一个很明显的箭头,而剑桥雅思7 Test 4 Section 2中也有一个很清晰的’you are here’, 所以如果图中有起始点,大家一定要抓住这样的友好信息。当然,如果图中没有显示,大家也不必担心,听力原文的前几句话中定会很明显地告诉大家we are now at ...或者coming out of ..., 另一个识别点就是题号。

题号是大家找答案的顺序依据,上文已经指出雅思听力是严格按照顺序性的,所以最小的题号即为答案开始的地方,而且答案会按照题号的顺序一一给出,而不是逆时针或者顺时针顺序,比如剑桥雅思4 Test 1 Section 2的题号,14-16在图的最下面,而17就立刻换到了图的最上部,转换较快,所以要以此为依据。

已知信息应该是要花最长时间来读的,此处的已知信息不光光是已知地点,最重要的是识别出图中的特殊信息,这些特殊信息往往是让我们反应不过来的难点所在,当然也有一些是在你识别出以后可以成为送分点的信息。这些信息将在下文中一一阐述,即:特殊位置,特殊形状,三点一线,特殊数量,包围关系,马路交叉。

3. 特殊位置

在一些比较规则的地图中往往存在一些比较特殊的位置,而雅思听力经常会非常明显地将这些位置表达出来,一般包括bottom最下面,top最上面,corner角落以及southeast corner东南角和northwest西北角这样的信息。比如:剑桥雅思4 Test 1 Section 2的第14题,17题和18题都是非常典型的特殊位置类考点。
4. 特殊形状

图中如果有特殊形状的建筑物,听力中也会比较友好地描述出来,一般常见的有rectangular长方形的,circular圆形的,diamond菱形的以及square正方形。例如剑桥雅思8 Test 2 Section 2中的第13题中的长方形状的两个建筑物处在一个圆形的lake中间,原文就很清晰的表达出了这样的信息:
This circular area is our lake, and the two rectangular shapes here are the fish farms...

再比如剑桥雅思9 Test 2 Section 2中的字母F也处在一个circular的圈中,大家请看听力原文:
Fairly close to where refreshments are available, there's a dog-walking area in the southern part of the park, leading off from the path. And if you just want to sit and relax, you can go to the flower garden; that's the circular area on the map surrounded by paths.

5. 三点一线

如果说以上两点是帮助大家在更快时间内确定答案的特殊信息,那么三点一线则是听力地图题中的难点,因为这样的图会在听力原文中以一句话的形式给出两个答案,形式一般如下:A—B—C

这三个地点处于一条线上,可能是A已知,也有可能是C已知,另外两个是要在听力中识别出来的地名,这样的表达一般包括以下几个:
Between A and C is B
B is in the middle of A and C
C is on the other side of B(A已知);C is on the other side of A(B已知)

这些表达方法往往是大部分考生在临场碰到时反应不出来的,所以在平时练习中必须好好熟悉这样的表达。我们来看两个例子:

剑桥雅思3 Test 3 Section 2的第17和18题:Main Hall—17—18
原文:.... we are now at the Main Hall ...... on the other side of the Reception Area there is a Dance Studio

剑桥雅思6 Test 3 Section 2的图:House—B—C—D

这是个四点一线的已知信息,大家必须在听力中识别三点一线究竟是哪三点,否则就会比较容易丢分,请看原文:
... house ... coming out of the side entrance of the house there is a shop which is situated between the house and a garage ...

据此原文,我们知道它的三点一线是house和B,C之间的,可判断B是shop, C是garage。

6. 特殊数量

这一点很好理解,即在图中的数量不止一个的,原文必定会将对应的数量告知大家:
剑桥雅思3 Test 3 Section 2的19题有6个:
... There are squash courts, six of them ...
剑桥雅思8 Test 2 Section 2的第13题有两个:
This circular area is our lake, and the two rectangular shapes here are the fish farms ...

7. 包围关系

包围关系在听力的地图中倒是会比较隐蔽,不是非常直接,所以这个考点出现的频率也不是很高,我们来看以下例子:
剑桥雅思7 Test 4 Section 2第16题:
You can sit in the benches to *ell the flowers in the Rose Garden.
其中benches为已知信息,图中玫瑰园将其包围,在听力中大家必须抓好已知信息。

8. 马路交叉

这个技巧点主要是指在一些已知信息以马路为主的地图中,往往用马路的交叉(包括十字路口和三岔路口)来作为定位,那么这首先就要求大家要熟悉一些此类的表达:cross, Crossroads, intersection以及junction等,这些词汇将是在此类地图中明显的定位点。大家一起来看剑桥雅思8 Test 4 Section 2第15题到20题的例子:
problems, the pavements on the comer of Carberry and Thomas Street will be

Q15

widened. This will help to reduce the speed of vehicles entering Thomas Street.

We think it’s very important to separate the local residential streets from the

main road. So the roadway at the entry to Thomas Street from Days Road will be

Q16

painted red. This should mark it more clearly and act as a signal for traffic to

slow down. One way of making sure that the pedestrians are safe is to increase

signage at the intersections. A ‘keep clear’ sign will be erected at the junction

Q17

of Evelyn Street and Hill Street, to enable traffic to exit at all times. Something

we’re planning to do to help control the flow of traffic in the area is to install

Q18

traffic lights half way down Hill Street where it crosses Days Road. Now, we

haven’t only thought about the cars and traffic, of course, there’s also

something for the children. We’re going to get school children in the area to

research a local story, the life of a local sports hero perhaps, and an artist will

incorporate that story into paintings on the wall of a building on the other side of

Q19

Hill Street from the supermarket. And finally, we’ve agreed to build a new

children’s playground which will be at the other end of Hill Street close to the

Q20

intersection with Carberry Sreet.

以上每一题都有明显的马路交叉口的信息。

三、题型难点

1. 类似信息

在比较新公布的一些地图题中我们发现了一些已知地点非常相似,比较容易在听力中混淆,所以朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家们提醒大家一定要注意读题,不能因为粗心而出错。比如OG Test 8 Section 2的地图中有lower lake和upper lake两处湖泊,就经常有同学会犯错,其中第18题说在upper lake的北面,有很多同学就会误看成lower lake的北面。

2. 词汇细节

填空类的地图题在词汇的细节上容易让大家犯一些错误,一般体现在:
a. 写成一个词还是两个词
b. 外来词的写作格式
c. 单复数

3. 解决方案

a. 答案写几个词最基本的判断点一定是题目要求,所以题目要求一定要看;其次注意一些固定的考点:workshop, showroom, Woodside和riverside这些词出现请大家都写成一个词;而bookshop, bookstore这样的词就看题目要求即可。

b. 外来词是指英文中引进其他语言的词汇,而这些词在原本的语言中是带有一些特定的符号的,如法语词都是有符号来表示阴阳性的,所以大家得在备考中识记住这样的符号。最典型的代表就是cafe, 这个词本身在法语词中字母e上是有一个同汉语拼音第二声的符号来表示阳性的,如果大家要加这个符号就必须要加对,如果加错则会扣分,而我们在真题中也会看到一些答案是不加符号的,所以考试时如果很确定就加上符号,如果不确定可以选择省略。

c. 雅思官方的视频介绍中明确指出雅思听力是不纠结大小写的问题的,所以单复数以及连字符等细节自然成了评分的重要细节点。所以,地图题中的单复数一定要遵循所听即所得的原则,数量多于一个的一定要写复数,以防出错。

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历年机经:202109、20210213、202108等

雅思听力里的略读(二)

某单词字尾是辅音音标,而相邻的后面单词开头也是辅音音标(/w//j//h//r/除外),在读的时候,前面的辅音不发音或者弱读。也就是说:省前读后,也有人把它叫作前虚后实。可以分为以下几种情况:

当前词的词尾辅音与后词的词首辅音相同,则常只读后一个音,该音相对延长。

例如:This sweater is expensive.

国际音标:/ði(s)swetəiz ik'spentsiv/,/s/点到为止

例如:He likes strong tea.

国际音标:/hi:laik(s)strɔn ti:/,/s/点到为止

当前词的词尾辅音为/ts/、/s/或/z/,而后词的词首辅音为/ʃ/或者/s/时,一般只读后一个音。

例如:Does she need help?

国际音标:/dʌ(z)ʃi:ni:d help/,/z/的发音点到为止

On the other side of the reception area there is the______.

(剑桥真题3 Test 3 Section 2 Question 18)

本题答案为:Dance Studio(舞蹈房)/dɑ:n(ts)'stju:diəu/。破擦音/ts/后如果是一个摩擦音/s/,一般在发前一个音时就点到为止。

当两个爆破音(/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/)相遇时,前一个爆破音常失去爆破,发音顿息,舌头达到发音部位“点到为止”,但不送气

good time  国际音标:/gu(d)taim/,/d/点到为止

Additional facility:______.(restaurant opening soon)

(剑桥真题6 Test 1 section 1 Question 4)

本题答案为:salad bar/'sælə(d)bɑ:r/(色拉吧)。由于爆破音/d/后是另一个爆破音/b/,前一个爆破音失去爆破,发音时“点到为止”。有学生在答案里填写“sauna(桑拿)”.

Children advised to wear:______.

(剑桥真题6 Test 2 Section 1 Question 7)

本题答案为:old clothes/əul(d)kləuðz/(旧衣服)。由于爆破音/d/后是另一个爆破音/k/,前一个爆破音失去爆破,发音时“点到为止”。

例如:part time

国际音标:/pa(t)taim/,/t/点到为止

例如:take care    国际音标:/tei(k)keə/,/k/点到为止

Easy to______.

(剑桥真题5 Test 1 Section 2 Question 15)

本题答案为:put together/pu(t)tə'geðə/(放在一起)。两个相同爆破音/t/在一起时,前一个爆破音/t/失去爆破。

Make changes and show to______.

(剑桥真题3 Test 4 Section 3 Question 28)

本题答案为:Support Tutor/sə'pɔ:(t)'tju:ˌtə/(辅导师)。很多考生填写答案:tutor,原因就是没有意识到两个相同爆破音/t/在一起时,前一个爆破音/t/失去爆破,不发音。

当爆破音(/p//b//t//d//k//g/)后,为摩擦音(/f//v//θ//ð//s//z//ʃ//ʒ/)、破擦音(/tʃ//dʒ//tr//dr/),以及鼻辅音(/m//n/)或无摩擦持续音/r/时,前一个爆破音轻微失爆,又叫作不完全失爆。

例如:Let me try it. 国际音标:/le(t)mi:trai it/,/t/点到为止

例如:Good morning. 国际音标:/gu(d)mɔ:ˌniŋ/,/d/点到为止

______essental

(剑桥真题6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 17)

本题答案为:seat reservation/si:(t)rezə'veiʃn/(位置预定)。由于爆破音/t/后是无摩擦持续音/r/,前一个爆破音/t/不完全爆破。reservation是一个常考的雅思听力核心词汇。

The first motion picture was called The______.

(剑桥真题6 Test 2 Section 4 Question 38)

本题答案为:Great Train Robbery/grei(t)trein'rɔbri/(大型火车抢劫案)。由于爆破音/t/后是破擦音/tr/,前一个爆破音/t/不完全爆破。有考生填写答案为:“Green Tree”。原因是对于略音规则不熟悉,而且辨音能力也有限,建议加强练习。

Dr. Williams helps people with______.

(剑桥真题3 Test 1 Section 2 Question 17)

本题答案为:back trouble/bæ(k)'trʌbl/(背痛)。由于爆破音/k/后是破擦音/tr/,前一个爆破音/k/不完全爆破。本题从问题中就可以猜出答案是一种疾病,但有学生填写答案为:vegetable/'vedʒtəbl/(蔬菜)。

当某单词字尾是辅音音标,而紧接着后面的单词开头是辅音音标/h/,那么在读的时候,后面的辅音音标/h/发音常常是听不到的。

例如:Ask her.

国际音标:/a:sk(h)ə:/,/h/点到为止

例如:Get him!

国际音标:/get(h)im/,/h/点到为止

2020雅思考试听力答案正确写法规范

雅思听力答案的正确写法,总是让许多考鸭都很烦恼。可以全大写吧?日期该怎么写?缩写简写得分吗?明明听到单数为什么答案是复数?赶紧对照下面的听力答案填写标准,改正自己的拼写习惯,不要最后明知道答案还因为写得不规范扣分!

2020雅思考试听力答案正确写法规范

此文致力于一次性解决大家关于雅思听力答案写法的困惑,大小写,日期,缩写,这里给大家重生一遍。进入考场后要牢记这些规范,避免不必要的错误。话不多说,内容自取:

雅思答案日期的写法

日月的写法

13th MAY

13th MAY

May 13th

May 13th

13 May

May 13

thirteen May

May thirteen

统一为:

May 13

13 May

May 13th

May 13th

日月年的写法

可行的有以下几种:

25 thFebruary 1975

13thJanuary, 1974 (英国)

March21st,2001(美国)

Aug.8th, 2008

02/06/2004

06/02/2004

统一为:

13 May, 1985

May 13, 1985

13th May, 1985

May 13th,1985

雅思考试听力答案写法之:常见时间写法

8:10AM

10.15 am

10.15 a.m

9.30-3.30

8.00am

8 am

统一为:

1. 数字中间统一为一个点,如10.15 am

2. 如有需要加am, pm的情况,大小写均可

3. am可以写为:a.m.或am

雅思考试听力答案写法之:大小写

按照常规区分大小写

(1)完整句句首字母需要大写。

例如:剑6 T2 S4 Q39

Sound effects were used for the first time on film in 1926.

(2)字母和数字在一起时,字母必须大写。

邮编:RA6 7BU; BH246GL

护照号:AL2880

航班号:AC937

注册会员号:UK765024EG

(3)专有名词首字母大写。

包括人名、地址、国家、语言、星球、节日、方位、书名、杂志名、电影名、职位、星期几、月份、特定的称谓等。

人名 Daniel Defoe;Professor John Smith;

地名 Chicago; Manchester;11B Lake Road; Gold Coast(黄金海岸); Tower ofLondon(伦敦塔);Greenwood Garden(绿林花园)

星期、月份 September

杂志 Fortune Magazine

不确定的情况下全部大写

不确定的情况下全部大写

不确定的情况下全部大写

雅思考试答案写法之:简称和缩写

简称

在录音中如为简称,在答案上填写简称和全称均可

录音中为ad

可写为ad或advertisement;

录音中为lab

可写为lab或laboratory;

录音中为info

可写为info或 information;

录音中为dorm

可写为dorm或dormitory

缩写

雅思官方指南中明确写出:雅思听力不考缩写,所以“自创”的或者“约定俗成”的缩写都不应作为答案填充。

(1)月份不能缩写

January 不写Jan

February 不写 Feb

March 不写Mar

April 不写 Apr

June 不写 Jun

July 不写Jul

August 不写 Aug

September 不写Sep

October 不写 Oct

November 不写 Nov

December 不写Dec

(2)星期不能缩写

Monday 不写Mon

Tuesday 不写Tue

Wednesday 不写Wed

Thursday 不写Thur

Friday 不写Fri

Saturday 不写Sat

Sunday 不写Sun

(3)时间单位不能缩写

20 minutes不能写成20m

雅思考试答案写法之:连写

连写单词

airplane 飞机

armchair 扶手椅

background 背景

baseball 垒球

bathroom 浴室

bedsit 卧室

booklet 小册子

booklist 书单

bookshop 书店

bookstore 书店

breakdowns 故障

butterfly 蝴蝶

cameraman 摄影师

centimeter 厘米

checklist 清单

childcare 儿童 照管

clockwork 发条装置

clubhouse 俱乐部

clubroom 俱乐部聚会室

coastline 海岸线

cocktail 鸡尾酒

copyright 版权

craft*en 工匠

cupboard 碗柜

darkroom 暗房

database 数据库

daylight 白天

deadline 最后期限

dishwasher 洗碗机

downhill 下坡

ecosystem 生态系统

eyesight 视力

feedback 反馈

fieldwork 野外工作

firewood 柴火

firework 烟火

flashlight 手电筒

floodwater 洪水

footbridge 行人天桥

footnote 脚注

footprint 脚印

freshwater 淡水

greenhouse 温室

handbook 手册

handout 文字材料;施舍物

hardware 计算机硬件

headphone 耳机

healthcare 医疗保健

highway 公路

homesick想家的

Homework家庭作业

keyboard键盘

landlady女房东

landmark地界标

laptop 笔记本 电脑

layout布局;设计

leaflet传单

Lifeguard 救生员

lifespan寿命

lifestyle生活方式

lighthouse 灯塔

livestock家畜

Loudspeaker扩音器

microbiology微生物学

microchip微芯片

microfilm缩微胶卷

microscope显微镜

microwave微波

midday正午

midnight午夜

minibus小型公共汽车

motorcycle 摩托车

network网络

newsletter时事通讯

newspaper报纸

northwest西北方向

notebook笔记本

online在线的

outdoor户外的

outline大纲

overdue过期的

overfill满溢

overhead在头上的

painkillers止痛药

password密码

payphone付费*

photocopy 复印件、影印本

placement布置

platform讲台

playground操场

postcard明信片

PowerPoint(专有名词考点)

railway铁路

raincoat雨衣

rainfall降雨量

rainforest雨林

restroom休息室

riverside河边

sale*an*员

sandglass沙漏

seafood海鲜

showroom 陈列室

software软件

southeast东南方向

sportswear运动装

spotlight聚光灯

stopwatch跑表

storehouse 仓库

storeroom 库房

sunlight日光

sunset日落

sunshade遮阳伞

supermarket超市

teamwork团队合作

textbook课本

thunderstorm风暴

timetable时间表

toothpaste 牙膏

underestimate 低估

undergraduate大学生

underground 地下

undersea 水下的

upland高地

upstairs楼上

videotape录像带

warehouse 仓库

waterfall 瀑布

waterproof防水材料

website 网站

wheelchair 轮椅

whiteboard白板

wildlife野生动植物

woodland森林

workbook练习薄

workforce劳动力

workload 工作量

workplace 工作场所;车间

worksheet 工作表

workshop 研讨会

分开写的单词

air conditioner 空调

alarm clock 闹钟

mass media 大众传播媒介

case study 案例研究

central heating 中央暖气系统

contact lens 隐形眼镜

notice board 布告牌

remote control 遥控

safety check 安全检查

student card 学生卡

加连字符的单词

brother-in-law 内兄/弟,姊妹的丈夫

cost-effective 划算的

detail-oriented 注重细节的

door-to-doorservice 送货上门服务

drop-offsite 下客区

drop-out 中途退学的人

fast-foodshop 快餐店

first-aidkit 急救箱

first-yearstudent 大学新生

four-coursedinner 4道菜的晚饭

full-time 专职的,全日制的

high-energysnack 高热量食品

highly-trainedstaff 高度训练的员工

large-scale 大规模的,大范围的

little-known 鲜为人知的

low-impact 低强度的

low-riskinvestment 低风险投资

middle-aged 中年的

mid-range 中点值

mid-term 期中的

non-active 不活跃的

non-fiction 纪实小说

note-taking 记笔记

part-timejob *

second-hand 二手的

self-access 可自行选用的

self-centered 自我中心的

self-defense 正当防卫

self-employed 个体经营的

self-evaluation 自我评价

self-fundedstudent 自费生

self-sufficient 自给自足的

*all-scale 小规模的

well-organized 有序的,有条理的

wheelchair-access toilet 残疾人专用厕

雅思考试听力答案写法之:数字、货币等标准替代符号

在雅思听力考试中会经常把数字、货币作为考点。

在写这一类答案的时候,既可以写成 英语单词 也可以写成*数字或者是金钱符号。

比如:

twenty=20;

ten percent=10%;

15 dollars=$15;

120 pounds=£120。

注意:关于金钱的单词要写在数字的后面,而符号要写在数字的前面。

建议大家最好使用*数字和金钱符号,这样既节省时间又可以节约空间。因为10%只算一个数字,而tenpercent则算两个单词。另外,使用这些符号也不容易犯错误。

雅思考试听力答案写法之:有发音符号的单词

有发音符号的单词,发音符号是否必须写?

如café字母e上的一撇,“café”写成“caf锓cafe”都得分。

不写撇确定给分,为了不画蛇添足,写错这一撇的位置或方向,建议不写撇.

雅思听力答案规范之:单复数问题

剑桥真题答案中,有很多单复数放在括号里。

听出单复数是最精确的拿分方案。

建议:所听即所得 上下文判断

雅思听力答案规范之:冠词

冠词a, an, the的问题:

剑桥雅思真题的答案,有些冠词是放在括号里的。

那些真题答案中放在括号里的单词:加不加都给分。

所以不写冠词即使不完全符合语法,是给分的。

而冠词又很容易听错,例如把a写成the,反而不给分。

建议:无论是否完全符合语法,在不确定的情况下,不如不写冠词。

雅思听力词汇的大小写区分

很多学生也会问到这样的问题,一个是您要明白,只要是专有名词就一定要把首字母答谢,另一个是一个专有名词,字母全部大写了也不扣分,所以其实重点就是首字母的问题,如果首字母不大写是一定要扣分的。

不知道是否说清楚了,呵呵~~简而言之,就是,专有名词首字母一定要大写,其他字母可大写可小写;如果专有名词首字母小写了,就一定扣分。

确定用大写的情况:

1)学科名,建筑名,场所名称,书名,机构名,人名,等

其中提问的标志是: what is the title/name of....., known as/called

2) 句子 第一个单词首字母

其它 情况是否用大写不是扣分点

单词一般没有明确说明是“two words”的时候,连起来写没问题。如果实在不能确定,用一下连字符。如:check-list.

剑桥雅思听力题型 总结

1、Filling out the table

You are asked to finish a chart or a table by filling the missing information.

这类题型是每次必考的,而且通常一次考试会出现多次,在4个Section中,都可能出现。

按照表格的形式,大致可分成3个类型:i. List型 ii. Table型 iii. Personal information型

2、Maps

按照地图描述的内容,大致可分为三型:

i. 街道型

一般是一个或几个街区的简易地图,已标出一些标志性建筑,需要考生根据录音内容,填上其他一些标志性建筑的名字。如,Smith Museum,Stern Park

ii. 区域型

与街道型相比,范围缩小到某一个区域,如,某一个楼面上的一些房间的方位,学校体育场地的分布等等。这一类型的地图需要考生根据录音内容,填上房间的名称或是场地的名称

iii. 摆设型

与前两个类型相比,这一类型的范围就缩小到一个较大房间的摆设了,如,办公楼大厅的摆设,图书馆中的某一个房间的内部布置等等。

按照出题的形式,可分为填空和选项两种。

3、Checking

题型介绍:

这类题型并不多见。但也是让考生比较头痛的一类题型。

按照题目的形式,可分为两种类型:

i. With headings

在一条或是几条需要判断的陈述之前,有一个标题,如,Time, Place,这一类型的出现形式和Filling out the table (General)中的List型很相似

ii. Without headings

直接是一条条的陈述,这一类型相对更常出现,难度也较有标题的要大

4、Answering the Question

题型介绍:比较常规的题型。只是要注意题设要求的回答字数的限定

5、Multiple Choice

题型介绍:

这一题型对中国考生来说应该是非常熟悉的,从小考到大,都是选择题,那么它的难度就在于录音的难度上,这类题型,一般出现在Section 3,4中。

按照出题的形式,可把这一题型,分成两类:

i. 多选一,这应该很熟悉

ii. 多选多,很多考生觉得多选多看似很难,其实多选多的考点都是一些容易听到的例子或是细节,而且题目会告诉考生要选几个,如Which three ……,考生只要当心不要遗漏就可以了

有时,选择题不是以问题加选项这种常规的方式出现,而是以图表,或是表格的形式出现,不管怎么变形,只要我们找出问题和选项,都可以还原到最常规的形式

6、Gap Filling

题型介绍:

这也就是填空题,填空题也是常考的一类题型。

7、Picture

题型介绍:

对于习惯文字题的中国考生来说,这一题型无疑是比较难的一类。

图片题涉及的范围很广,可以是食品,相貌,地点,时间,甚至是动作等等。

8、Matching

题型介绍:

配对 题在考试中,常出现在Section3、4。由于对题型的不熟悉,而且给出的配对项常常多于需要配对的问题,甚至有时选项还可以复用,问题也可以多选,一旦有听不懂的时候非常容易心虚。

9、Illustration

题型介绍:

这一题型可以说是所有题型中最难的,通常在Section 3、4中出现,但是由于题型实在太难,所以在考试中出现的频率不高。

2020雅思考试听力答案正确写法规范相关 文章 :

★ 2020年雅思听力打分标准

★ 【高分技能必备】详解雅思听力拼写及常用缩写规范

★ 2020年最新的雅思英语听力中的核心考词汇总

★ 雅思听力日期怎么书写正确

★ 雅思听力时间写法格式有哪些

★ 雅思听力考试流程和答题的注意事项,你都知道了吗?

★ 雅思听力答题卡到底该大写还是小写

★ 雅思听力审题中的常见错误,看完不丢冤枉分

★ 雅思听力考试中要注意11个基本原则

★ 雅思听力流程及注意事项介绍

托福TPO2Part2阅读原文及参考答案

托福TPO作为大家托福备考的模考工具,它的题目对我们有很大的参考价值,为了帮助大家备考,下面我给大家带来托福TPO2Part2阅读原文及参考答案,望喜欢。

托福TPO2Part2阅读原文

The Origins Of Cetaceans

It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke1 and blowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

Very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. In 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale. The fossil was officially named Pakicetus in honor of the country where the discovery was made. Pakicetus was found embedded in rocks formed from river deposits that were 52 million years old. The river that formed these deposits was actually not far from an ancient ocean known as the Tethys Sea.

The fossil consists of a complete skull of an archaeocyte, an extinct group of ancestors of modern cetaceans. Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans. The skull is cetacean-like but its jawbones lack the enlarged space that is filled with fat or oil and used for receiving underwater sound in modern whales. Pakicetus probably detected sound through the ear opening as in land mammals. The skull also lacks a blowhole, another cetacean adaptation for diving. Other features, however, show experts that Pakicetus is a transitional form between a group of extinct flesh-eating mammals, the mesonychids, and cetaceans. It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean. It probably bred and gave birth on land.

Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12 million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hind leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too *all to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.

An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("the walking whale that swam") lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus. The fossil luckily includes a good portion of the hind legs. The legs were strong and ended in long feet very much like those of a modern pinniped. The legs were certainly functional both on land and at sea. The whale retained a tail and lacked a fluke, the major means of locomotion in modern cetaceans. The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water. On land, where it probably bred and gave birth, Ambulocetus may have moved around very much like a modern sea lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that linked life on land with life at sea

Fluke: the two parts that constitute the large triangular tail of a whale

1. "Blowhole: a hole in the top of the head used for breathing

Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke3 and blowhole4 cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but, already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

托福TPO2Part2阅读题目

Directions: Mark your answer by filling in the oval next to your choice.

1. In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the presence of a blowhole in cetaceans?

It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.

It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.

It is the main difference between cetaceans and land-dwelling mammals.

It cannot yield clues about the origins of cetaceans.

2. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?

It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like

There were great numbers of them.

They lived in the sea only.

They did not leave many fossil remains.

Paragraph 3: The fossil consists of a complete skull of an archaeocyte, an extinct group of ancestors of modern cetaceans. Although limited to a skull, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans. The skull is cetacean-like but its jawbones lack the enlarged space that is filled with fat or oil and used for receiving underwater sound in modern whales. Pakicetus probably detected sound through the ear opening as in land mammals. The skull also lacks a blowhole, another cetacean adaptation for diving. Other features, however, show experts that Pakicetus is a transitional form between a group of extinct flesh-eating mammals, the mesonychids, and cetaceans. It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean. It probably bred and gave birth on land.

3. The word precious in the passage is closest in meaning to

Exact

Scarce

Valuable

Initial

4. Pakicetus and modern cetaceans have similar

Hearing structures

Adaptations for diving

Skull shapes

Breeding locations

5. The word it in the passage refers to

Pakicetus

Fish

Life

ocean

Paragraph 4: Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12 million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hind leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too *all to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.

6. The word exposed in the passage is closest in meaning to

Explained

Visible

Identified

Located

7. The hind leg of Basilosaurus was a significant find because it showed that Basilosaurus

Lived later than Ambulocetus natans

Lived at the same time as Pakicetus

Was able to swim well

Could not have walked on land

8. It can be inferred that Basilosaurus bred and gave birth in which of the following locations

On land

Both on land and at sea

In shallow water

In a marine environment

Paragraph 5: An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("the walking whale that swam") lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus. The fossil luckily includes a good portion of the hind legs. The legs were strong and ended in long feet very much like those of a modern pinniped. The legs were certainly functional both on land and at sea. The whale retained a tail and lacked a fluke, the major means of locomotion in modern cetaceans. The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water. On land, where it probably bred and gave birth, Ambulocetus may have moved around very much like a modern sea lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that linked life on land with life at sea

9. Why does the author use the word luckily in mentioning that the Ambulocetus natans fossil included hind legs?

Fossil legs of early whales are a rare find.

The legs provided important information about the evolution of cetaceans.

The discovery allowed scientists to reconstruct a complete skeleton of the whale.

Until that time, only the front legs of early whales had been discovered.

10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone.

The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke.

Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structure shows that it swam like modern whales.

By moving the rear parts of their bodies up and down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.

11. The word propulsion in the passage is closest in meaning to

Staying afloat

Changing direction

Decreasing weight

Moving forward

Paragraph 1: Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. ■How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? ■Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.■Very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. ■In 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale.

12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

This is a question that has puzzled scientists for ages.

Where would the sentence best fit?

13-14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

This passage discusses fossils that help to explain the likely origins of cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins.

●

●

●

Answer Choices

1. Recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show the link between land mammals and cetaceans.

2. The discovery of Ambulocetus natans provided evidence for a whale that lived both on land and at sea.

3. The skeleton of Basilosaurus was found in what had been the Tethys Sea, an area rich in fossil evidence.

4. Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found.

5. Fossils thought to be transitional forms between walking mammals and swimming whales were found.

6. Ambulocetus' hind legs were used for propulsion in the water

托福TPO2Part2 阅读答案

参考答案:

1、2

2、1

3、3

4、3

5、1

6、2

7、4

8、4

9、2

10. 3

11. 4

12. 2

13-14. 1 2 5

托福TPO2Part2阅读原文翻译

沙漠已经占据了地球表面积约四分之一,而且最近几十年正以惊人的速度扩张。沙漠化是指类似沙漠的环境漫延到原本并非沙漠的区域。据估计,地球表面另外四分之一的地方正面临沙漠化威胁。

沙漠化主要通过以下过程实现:首先自然植被不断减少,随后风力和 雨水 加速了土壤的腐蚀。有的时候松散的土壤全部被风刮走,留下石质化的表层; 其它 情况下细小的沙粒可能会被吹走,而正常沙粒大小的砂子不断堆积,从而形成移动的沙丘或者沙脊。

即便是在保留了土壤表层的区域,植被减少也已成为土壤大量吸取地下水的能力下降的典型因素。雨水对松散土壤的冲击会把细小的粘土颗粒冲到土壤空隙中,封闭了土壤并降低土地表层水的渗透率。地表对水的吸收急剧减少,大量水资源流失,因此土壤的腐蚀率也随即增加。地表吸收水分的能力进一步弱化使得土壤越发干燥,导致植被的进一步流失,于是便形成了土壤沙漠化的恶性循环。

在一些地方,沙漠面积的扩大很大程度上归因于干燥的气候条件。在过去的几千年里,不断增加的温室效应使得一些地方干旱问题愈发严重。倘若空气污染带来的温室效应继续恶化,沙漠化进程会在未来数十年内加速实现。

然而,可以肯定的是,大部分地区沙漠化主要都是由于人类活动造成,而非自然条件导致。沙漠边缘的半干旱土地所处的生态平衡环境非常脆弱,环境压力持续增加,而这些半干旱区域适应环境压力的能力极其有限。人口数量的增加使得人们不断向土地施压,依其提供食物和燃料。在湿润的季节里,土地兴许能够应付这些压力。但是在干旱的季节里,在沙漠周边的土地上,存在着这样一个十分普遍的现象:人类对土地施加的压力远远超过了土地自身减压的能力,因此最终形成了沙漠。

导致沙漠化的主要因素有四个:过度 种植 ,过度放牧,过分砍伐,过度灌溉。由于人口密度增加,人们对粮食作物的种植已经扩展到日益干燥的区域进行。这些区域很有可能经常会发生干旱,所以农作物种植失败是很正常的事情。大多数农作物的种植需要事先移除天然植被,而农作物欠收后又会留下大面积荒地,非常容易被风力和雨水侵蚀。

在半干旱地区,草坪是主要的天然植被,家畜 饲养 是当地的一项主要经济活动。在一个地区过量饲养家畜会导致植被覆盖面积减少,土地被大量践踏和碾碎。通常,随之而来的就是土地硬化和加速侵蚀。

在很多国家木材是用来做饭和加热的最主要燃料。人口增加带来的压力促使人们大量砍伐木材,导致许多城市和乡村周围大面积树木和灌木减少。同时人们大量使用烘干的动物排泄物作为替代燃料同样对土壤不利,因为这些珍贵的土壤成分调节剂和植物营养资源将不会再回归至土壤当中。

造成土地沙漠化的最后一个主要人为因素在于人类过度灌溉导致土壤的盐碱化。灌溉多余的水渗透到地下水位。假如没有排水系统的存在,那么地下水位上升,把溶解的盐分带到土壤表面。水分蒸发后,盐分留在了表面,形成白色的地壳层,这一地壳层阻止了空气和水接触地底下的土壤。

沙漠化问题异常严重,这是因为有佷广阔的地区和数量庞大的人群都受到了沙漠化的影响,而且要想逆转沙漠化的进程甚至减缓沙漠化的速度都面临着巨大的困难。一旦土壤被侵蚀,需要再经过几百到上千年的时间才会产生新的土壤。那些大量土壤仍保存完好的地方,亟需一个严谨而有力的保护政策和植被覆盖计划来保护现有土地。

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