出国留学申请工作经历 在出国留学文书中如何描述工作经历

留学个人陈述PS是Personal
Statement的简称，是我们申请美国研究生院的重要材料之一。一份完美的PS有可能使你申请成功的机会大大增加，同时PS也是很好的认识你自己的过程。通过写PS，你将更了解你自己，清楚自己想要什么样的生活，理清自己为什么要去美国，以后将要成为什么样的人。

这对申请者来说至关重要，对admission
officer来说，PS是你唯一有机会向他们展示一个鲜活的你的材料。成绩单是死的，GRE和TOEFL分数是死的，而他们要找的是一个活生生的人，是一个有血有肉有思想的人，他们在众多的申请者中寻找最适合他们的那一位，你如何认识你自己?你的motivation来自哪里?你将来如何打算?这些东西都可以帮助他们走进你，了解你，认识你，然后决定是不是接受你。

U of Washington的admission officer指出，他们会把申请者分成四等："Admit with guaranteed
funding, Admit with potential funding, Tabled (a sort of admissions purgatory),
and Reject." It is in the case of "Tabled" and "Admit with potential funding"
applications, the admissions officer reports, that the personal statement can
make a real difference: "If there is a good match between the applicant's
research interests and the particular strengths of the school, this can bump
them up a level or two in the hierarchy of admission."

如何写留学个人陈述?从PS教程中，我将总结出写PS的各项注意点，一步步教你怎么写PS，希望对大家有所帮助。

Preparation

PS的精髓在于将自己的motivation和Objective充分展现出来，它应该是personaland *ytical,
任何generalization都需要避免，PS的关键在于用specific, personal
details来展现你的个人魅力和强烈的motivation。

写PS时，要尽量完全的真诚。这是诉说一个你自己的故事，你不是在设法创造一个理想的申请者，而是just be
yourself。任何的伪造都是很容易被识破的，只有完全敞开的真诚，才能真正打动admission
officer，也才能真正的认识你自己，才能真正让你选择最适合你的graduate program。

用specific details来展现你的motivation很重要。这些specific
details可以包括研究和工作经历、课程、你跟你所感兴趣的领域的人的交流、你读的书、你参加的学术报告会，以及任何可以展现你为何选择并适合这个研究领域的原因。

你需要明确你未来的方向，至少为自己未来5~10年的事业做一个规划，而这个规划应该很适合你所申请的这个graduate
program，那也正是你选择这个领域的原因。

描述为什么这个graduate program适合你，不要用一些空洞的赞美性的语言，一定要be specific, be
*ytical。

一定不要出现一些粗心的错误，那只能证明你不够认真对待。

避免说一些空洞无意义的套话，避免陈词滥调。这里可以举个例子。

修改前：In the first project Imanaged, I learned many valuable lessons about
the importance of teamwork.

修改后：In the first project Imanaged, I made an effort to incorporate all my
colleagues as equal members ofa team, soliciting their feedback and deferring to
their expertise as needed.

修改前的这句话很空洞的讲team
work，没有任何details;修改后的话就展开讲了我是怎么展现teamwork的。在写PS的时候一定要注意展开这些细节。最好的方法就是以自己的亲身经历开始，让那些展现你的quality和personality的东西自然流露出来，你的那些品质不需要总结性的generalities,
人们会从你对自己经历的specific details的描述判断出你有哪些quality。

不要企图把你所有的经历都写进PS里，PS追求的不是广度，而是深度。好的PS是深入挖掘一个或两个主题、时间或观点的细节。

注意避免敏感话题，因为你不知道admission officer的个人偏见。

不要用冗余的长句。短句更加有力，因为他们更加direct和to the point。举例：

修改前："My recognitionof the fact that the project was finally over was a
deeply satisfying momentthat will forever linger in my memory."

修改后："Completing theproject at last gave me an enduring sense of
fulfillment."

像the fact that这种词就是完全冗余的。

Brainstorming

1. Performa self-inventory of Your Unique Experiences, Major Influences,
and Abilities.

Long and short term goals

1. 这所学校为什么吸引你

2. 你对哪个faculty的研究最感兴趣?你最想跟谁一起工作?

3. 你具体想从你所申请的program中获得什么?

4. 你的事业抱负是什么?这个graduate program对你实现事业理想有什么帮助?

5. 你理想的工作的是什么?未来的5~10年甚至20、30年，你想成为一个什么样的人?

Skills and Characteristics

6. 你有哪些品质有助于你在该领域获得成功?You need to make strong connections between your
experiences and the qualities you wish to convey.

这里列举一些admission officer认为很重要的qualities：

? Seriousness of Purpose (to pursue graduate education)

? Intellectual Ability (to handle graduate study)

? Intellectual Curiosity (about the field you wish to enter)

? Creativity (as reflected in the way your mind addresses issues in the
field of your choice)

? Open-Mindedness (to ideas, people, and circumstances different from your
own)

? Maturity (as demonstrated by being responsible and trustworthy)

? Concern for Others (either by devoting time to social service activities
such as tutoring or by being considerate and empathetic to others' feelings; the
latter is more difficult to pull off in an application essay)

? Initiative (as in the ability to start a project or take on a
responsibility on your own)

? Enthusia* (as demonstrated by your eagerness to engage in
activities)

? Confidence (in your ability to handle difficult situations and novel
challenges)

? Being Organized (as in the ability to stay on top of multiple tasks)

? Sense of Humor (as in your ability to find humor in difficult situations;
in many ways this is an index of maturity)

? Diligence/Persistence (as demonstrated by your ability to stay with a
task until you complete it; this is particularly relevant for programs requiring
a dissertation)

? Leadership (as shown in your ability to inspire others to work together
to reach a mutual goal)

? Risk Taking (as shown in your ability to deal with uncertainty in order
to reach your goal)

? Insight (as reflected in your ability to use introspection to understand
aspects of yourself, such as your preferences and your motivations)

? Optimi* (as reflected in your ability to find positive aspects in
seemingly negative situations)

? Compromise (as in your ability to be flexible in negotiating with others;
at a more abstract level this can mean the ability to reconcile ideological
opposites or dialectical pairs among others or within yourself)

? Overcoming Adversity (as demonstrated by your resourcefulness in dealing
with serious problems such as divorce, death, illness, etc.)

7. 你所拥有的skills(比如communication,leadership, *ytical)，注意用specific
details来展示你的这些skills

8. 你比其他申请者的优势在哪里?

9. 你可以贡献给你所申请的学校哪些东西?(给你的fellow students，你的faculty,你的broader community)

10. 你认为你为什么会在这个program的申请中胜出?

11.让admission officers对你感兴趣的最compelling的原因是什么?

Background/Accomplishments: Personal

12. What's special, unique, distinctive, or impressive about you or your
life story? What details of your life (personal or family problems/history, any
genuinely notable accomplishments, people or events that have shaped you or
influenced your goals) might help the committee better understand you or help
set you apart from other applicants? 哪些人影响了你的选择?

13. Have you had to overcome any unusual obstacles or hardships (e.g.,
economic, familial, physical) in your life? 你所必须克服的困难?

14. Have you borne significant care-giving responsibilities for family
members? For an ailing parent, a sibling, a disabled or aging relative, a child?
How has this impacted your academics? Your professional life? Your goals and
values? 你从小就需要照顾什么人吗?囧，这点对独生子女不利哎。。。

15. (If you live in U.S. but are not a native-born American) How did you
deal with the challenges of moving to the U.S. from your home? Did you
experience culture shock? How did you adapt? What was most difficult for you?
What aspects of your new home did you enjoy the most?
在美国如何适应的问题，看来美国交流经历还在这个personal方面可以起到一些作用~

16. If work experiences have consumed significant periods of time during
your college years, what have you learned (leadership or managerial skills, for
example), and how has the work contributed to your personal growth?

Background/Accomplishments: Academic

17. When did you originally become interested in this field? What have you
since learned about it-and about yourself-that has further stimulated your
interest and reinforced your conviction that you are well suited to this field?
What insights have you gained? 你如何对这个领域感兴趣的?

18. How have you learned about this field-through classes, readings,
seminars, work or other experiences, or conversations with people already in the
field?

19. Are there any gaps or discrepancies in your academic record that you
should explain?

20. Can you recall a specific incident that convinced you that you had
chosen the right career path?用一个具体的事例来证明你为何选择了正确的道路

2. Consult Friends, Relatives, Colleagues, or Professors for Ideas

别人往往可以看到你性格特征中你自己没有注意到的地方，所以向别人请教可以帮助你更好地了解自己。不妨来做一个调查问卷，向了解你的请教~

I am applying to _________ and must prepare a personal statement as a part
of that process. I want to be sure to include all relevant data about myself and
my background, so I am soliciting information from various individuals who know
me and whose judgment I value. Thank you for your help.

1. What do you think is most important for the admissions committee to know
about me?

2. What do you regard as most unusual, distinctive, unique, and/or
impressive about me (based on our association)?

3. Are you aware of any events or experiences in my background that might
be of particular interest to those considering my application to graduate
school?

4. Are there any special qualities or skills that I possess that tend to
make you think I would be successful in graduate school and in the field to
which I aspire to become a part?

在准备留学申请材料时，作为对外联系的主要文件之一的简历(Resume)的质量高低将直接影响申请者的成功率，为了能让对方清晰地了解申请者，简历在写作方面应力求真实、全面、简洁、明了。

留学申请者的简历应包括以下这几个方面的内容：

1.姓名。力求与各种学历证明的姓名相同，如有更改姓名的情况，务必在公证时予以声明，并附上公证书。

2.性别。

3.出生年月日及地点。力求与各类学历证明的出生年月日一致，出生地点写明国别和省份。

4.国籍。

5.婚否。

6.现在工作单位及详细通信地址。

7.个人教育背景。包括大学、硕士阶段的在读时间，所在大学的名称、专业和所获学位，参加工作后的受教育经历，主要指脱产接受专门的进修、培训或学习。

8.个人从事专业的经历。填写专业经历应力求抓住重点，突出研究方向。担任教学工作的可列出主讲、助讲的课程名称，担任研究工作的可列出参加各个研究项目的课题名称。

9.个人的著作、论文或研究成果要分门别类列出，并一定要与个人专业经历相一致。所列著作要注明名称，出版年月，出版单位。所列论文要注明论文题目，刊载杂志或期刊名称、期号、语种。对于在学术会议上发表的文章还要注明学术会议的名称、召开时间和地点等。如果其中有被外国学者评论过的，最好附上刊载评论文章的杂志名称及时间。

10.外语水平。注明参加TOEFL、GRE、TEF等考试的时间、地点及成绩。若申请者掌握多门外语，则要一一注明语种并说明熟练程度。

11.参加何种学术团体，得到何种荣誉。学术团体一般应是省、市或行业一级以下的专业学术团体，在学术团体中所担任职务可加以注明。荣誉主要是指在专业、技术研究方面获得的奖励和荣誉，并要注明获奖名称，颁奖时间和颁奖单位。

12.拟申请的大学和导师的姓名。可根据申请者查询的资料予以注明，并要注意按照每个单位、每位导师一份简历的原则，即在同一份自传中不必注明全部想要联系的单位和导师。

13.拟进行的研究方向和希望从事研究的题目。国外院校的专业面一般较宽，要根据国外情况，力求专业面与其一致。研究课题可根据自己的研究兴趣和需要，同时也要尽量考虑对方的条件。

在简历的书写过程中申请者还应注意必须尽力保证字迹的工整、清楚，最好用打字机打印。总之，一份成功简历的秘诀在于：既不要言过其实，又必须充分反映自己的实际水平