雅思考试主要是通过对考生听、说、读、写四个方面英语能力的考核,综合测评考生的英语沟通运用能力,实现“沟通为本”的考试理念。对于雅思考生来说,也有很多考试难点和政策盲区需要帮助解答。今天雅思无忧网小编准备了transport雅思阅读听力题 雅思allergy testing阅读的答案,希望通过文章来解决雅思考生这方面的疑难问题,敬请关注。
句子 匹配题匹配双方没有明显的定位词,该题给出句子的前半句,要求根据原文选出后半句。为了平衡难度,句裤乱子匹配题通常为顺序出题,但是在个别情况(如题目个数较少)下,可能出现乱序的情况。句子匹配题的解题思路比较清晰,对考生的语言功底有一定的要求。下面我们通过一道剑七的真题(Makete Integrated Rural Transport Project)对句子匹配题的解题思路进行讲解。
雅思阅读句子匹配题思路解析
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-J, below.
Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 36-39 on your answer sheet.
36 Construction of footbridges, steps and handrails
37 Frequent breakdown of buses and trucks in Makete
38 The improvement of secondary roads and paths
39 The isolation of Makete for part of the year
A provided the people of Makete with experience in running bus and
truck services.
B was especially successful in the northern part of the district.
C differed from earlier phases in that the community became less
actively involved.
D improved paths used for transport up and down hillsides.
E was no longer a problem once the roads had been improved.
F cost less than locally made wheelbarrows.
G was done only at the request of local people who were willing to lend
a hand.
H was at first considered by MIRTP to be affordable for the people of
the district.
I hindered attempts to make the existing transport services more
efficient.
J was thought to be the most important objective of Phase Ⅲ.
在做题之前,我们可以首先根据上一个题的出题点,了解本题的出题范围。如果前一个题型考查的是 文章 的前半部分,则这道题考查的往往是后半部分。拿这道例题来说,由于上一题定位到本篇文章Section B的末尾,本题考查的应该是Section C之后的部分。但是也存在前一个题型考查的是全篇文章的情况,这时后一题很有可能也是考查全篇,那么从开拍纯备头向后寻找出题点即可。
确定题目的大概出题范围后,第二步要阅读题目,圈出每个题目的定位词(什么是定位词?参照本人的另一篇文章《定位词:雅思解题金钥匙》)。在该题中,题目定位词已用黑体字标出。
下一步,根据定位词定位出题点所在句袭毁。36题根据“footbridges, steps and handrails”定位到Section C的“It made sense to improve the paths by building steps, handrails and footbridges”.
此时,只需去掉句子中题干给出的信息,带着剩下的信息去选项中寻找。36题剩下的信息是“It made sense to improve the paths”。选项D中含有”improved paths” 这样的信息,D中剩下的信息”used for transport up and down hillsides”和原文定位句上一句“Most goods were transported along the paths that provide short-cuts up and down the hillsides”一致,因此本题选D。
我们 总结 一下句子匹配题的做法:确定题目的大概出题范围;根据定位词定位出题点所在句;去掉句子中题干给出的信息,带着剩下的信息去选项中寻找;验证答案。
雅思技巧:雅思阅读高分技巧指导
雅思的阅读要读3篇长文章,回答40个问题,平均每篇文章13-14个问题。而且不像听力考试那样,考完还有10分钟把答案抄到答题纸上,因此,只有1个小时要完成所有的答题时间还是比较紧的。
做好阅读的关键就是多练习。看报纸、杂志和原文小说,努力提高阅读能力,加快阅读速度。本网站首页的《每周 阅读推荐 》栏目的文章很适合用来练习阅读能力。剑桥雅思3的阅读模拟题要认真做。
最重要的是,阅读考试并不考你对某一篇文章读懂了多少,而是考查你的阅读技巧,就是 快速阅读 的能力--扫描与略读。
所谓的扫描就好像看*号码簿,你心里很清楚你要找什么,所以你快速扫描所看的那一页来找到答案。这种技巧通常用来回答多项选择题以及 配对 题。快速扫描文章找到问题所问的信息。
略读就是快速阅读一个段落,了解中心意思,而忽略细节。这种技巧可以用来回答:“给出一个段落的小标题 ”或是“在那个段落中提到这个信息?”或是“作者的观点”这类的题目。
雅思阅读的难度是渐进的,做题的时间安排应该是:第一篇文章大约用15-17分钟,第二篇20分钟左右,23-25分钟做第三篇。如果有多余的时间就检查一下答案。
建议在读文章以前先快速浏览一遍所有的问题,有个大致的概念你需要去寻找什么样的信息,需要用扫描阅读还是略读,还是两种技巧都要使用。浏览问题的时候,用铅笔划出重要的信息,例如:日期、地点和名字。
浏览完毕所有问题之后,扫读一次文章,标出重要的部分。如果看见任何与问题相关的信息,直接标出来,有些题目边看就可以边答了。
根据自己标出的重要信息一次回答问题,文章看过一遍以后,去找特定的信息就会变得更容易。
答案在文章里面出现的顺序通常与问题的顺序是一致的,例如第4题的答案通常会比第5题的答案先出现。不过这主要看问题的类型,如果问题问的是In which paragraph does this information appear?" 以及Yes / No / Not given类型的问题,那么答案就不一定是按顺序了。
一找到问题的答案就在答题纸上作答,不一定要按顺序回答问题。
注意看题目要求,如果题目要求用不超过3个单词来作答,记住不要超过3个。
最难的是 True / False / Not given 与Yes / No / Not given 类型的题目。平时多练习做这种题型,考试的时候要记住看清楚要你回答True / False还是Yes / No,不要用True / False回答Yes/No,也不要用Yes/No回答True/False,这种回答会被视为错误而没有分数。
不要在一个题目停留太久,找不到答案就接着做下一题,有时间再回头做。
雅思技巧:阅读逻辑能力培养
1、高质快速地阅读
第一遍读文章时,我们应当模拟考试的紧张气氛,尽量高质快速。但,对完答案后,我们有充足的时间再次阅读文章。第二次阅读文章我们的目的不在是获取信息,而是把握文章的布局安排,分析作者的意图。
2、要把握句子结构规律
同学们应当做的是找一本好的语法书,认认真真学习句子结构那部分。英语的句子主干往往并不复杂,只是其粘着修饰成分过多。我们一开始应当学会如何写出简单的基本句型,然后再通过附加各种从句、插入语、非谓语形式,来逐步扩充句子结构。
3、要对文章分类
可是如果我们把自己读过的所有文章按照主题分类,比如分为校园类、医学类、家庭类、环境类等等,到了考前,再按类别复习这些文章,我们不仅能系统掌握某一类别文章常用的词汇,也能把握该类文章的结构特点和出题规律。
雅思技巧:雅思阅读审题与解题
任何问题的解决都包含着分析问题与解决问题两大步骤。而在这两个步骤中,前者是后者的关键,它直接决定我们能不能在最短时间内有效解决问题。雅思阅读的解题过程中,审题与解题的关系正是如此。在审题上出问题的考生通常包括两类:一类是不知审题为何物,完全不审题;另一类是知道要审题,但这个过程只是流于形式,自欺欺人而已----题干没审透。不彻底审题有哪些坏处呢?
首先,对于没有特殊印刷体的题目,不审题会导致关键词判断不准。其次,在关键词与原文中存在同义转换时,不审题可能会导致定位困难。我们都很清楚对于有同义转换的关键词脱离理解是很难定位的。最后,不审题就划关键词很容易导致理解模糊,想当然或者为了对自己负责,想产出准确答案而一直在定位句与题干之间来回折腾,最后导致时间严重不足。
总之,“审题”是一个极其重要的环节,题目审透了,我们去定位或解题时的针对性就非常强而不至于像只无头苍蝇一样到处乱窜。我们可以回想一下是非无判断题、List of headings题、选择题、完成句子题、填空题、匹配题及段落细节信息定位题等,哪一个题型解题过程中“审题”是可缺的,是不重要的呢?因此,学生们一定要学会重视“审题”!
目的地
cities, mountains, deserts沙漠,hilly areas丘陵地带,wetlands沼泽地,bush land灌木丛,tropical rain forests热带雨林,resorts胜地,beaches, coastal areas沿海地区, 乡村(village)、瀑布(water fall) river, lake,湖
交通工具
public transport公共交通,private transport私人交通,car, airplane, ferry渡船,underground/subway/tube/Metro地铁,river cruise巡游, boat trips,游船旅行
费用及支付方式
book the room(make a reservation)订房间, currency货币,Canadian dollars加元,Australian dollars, Pounds镑, Japanese Yen日元 ,credit card信用卡(Visa维萨卡, MasterCard万事达, American Express美国运通)
语言
French法语, Cantonese粤语, Mandarin普通话, Russian俄语, Italian意大利语, German德语, Portuguese葡萄牙, Japanese日语, Arabic*语
景点
hotsprings温泉,fountain泉水,喷泉,beaches海滩,spotlight tour聚光灯旅行,four-wheel drive四驱车,crocodile cruise, waterfalls瀑布,castle城堡,museum 博物馆,art gallery 画廊
活动
swimming, diving潜水,跳水,Scuba Diving器械潜水,surfing冲浪,water skiing滑水,hang gliding悬挂滑翔,water polo水球, skiing 滑雪,hiking 徒步旅行,bag-packer 肩背大包进行自助旅行的人,hitch-hike 搭便车旅行。
注意事项
snakes, stingers刺痛人的东西,sharks鲨鱼,box jellyfish水母的一种,certain plants某些植物,
携带物品
beach towel大浴吵罩巾,telescopes望远镜,walking boots步行靴,socks袜子,sunscreen太阳镜, long trousers长裤, 夹克衫(jacket), 急救箱(first-aidkit)、手电筒(torch)
旅行社
travel agency 旅行社,flight number 航班号,take off 起飞,land 降落,
motel 汽车旅馆,hostel 青年旅社,book the ticket 订票,passport 护照,
visa 签证,credit card 信用卡,driving license/license 驾照,expire v.驾照、护照等过期,check in 办理登机手续,souvenir 纪念品。
拓展阅读:
掌握两大核心技巧练习雅思听力事半功倍
首先学会精听且会选择文章
符合雅思听力考试改中的资料有限,除了剑桥真题外很难找到核碰山难度、语速以及口音接近的资料,所以可以直接选择剑桥听力文章来做。对于程度一般的考生可以选择 section1和section3的对话来做,那么程度不错的.考生就可以做section2和section4,根据自己的情况也可以慢慢从简到难一步一步做。最好选择自己已经做过的文章,一来可以加深印象,也免得以后无题可做。
其次掌握精听的步骤
听全文(或者所选取的整段):先把文章从头到尾听一遍,了解大致意思,并注意断句。接下来仔细把每句话的意思听懂,听一句停一下,有不明白的地方可以多听几遍,尽量依靠自己听到的内容联系场景把文章听懂。
读全文:仔细听过之后应该对文章内容了解比较细致了,接下来跟着文章一句一句进行跟读,不明白的地方模仿发音。这个步骤也可以和第一个步骤结合在一起做,为的是锻炼考生的语音和记忆力,同时对口语也是有帮助的。
写全文:做过听读训练后,接下来要把文章听写下来。可以选择听一句写一句,听完一个整句或者一个比较长的意群后先不忙着动笔,想清楚这个句子的结构和意思后再写。切忌听到一两个单词就忙着写,这样往往记不下后面的内容。不会写的内容尽量根据读音拼写。这个过程对单词的输出和记忆力的提高是很有帮助的。
对于雅思阅读来说,雅思听力的主题句是非常重要的,因为同学逗仔们能够把握住雅思阅读的中心思想,那么接下来就和来看看雅思阅读氏指悄阅读考试主题句如何答题?
主题句的位置:
根据对剑4到剑12文章的分析,段落第一句是主题句的情况多达65%,约10%的段落是第二句为主题句,另有约5%的段落最后一句为主题句。当然也有找不出明显主题句的段落,这部分约占20%。所以阅读文章时,我们需要从每段的第一句开始,按照以下原则来确定主题句,从而概括出段落大意歼渣。
段落第一句是主题句,通常具有以下特征:
1、首句有概括性的词,如:
The sense of vision is developed to different degrees in different en species studied at close quarters underwater — specifically a grey whale calf in captivity for a year, and free-ranging right whales and humpback whales studied and filmed off Argentina and Hawaii — have obviously tracked objects with vision underwater, and they can apparently see moderately well both in water and in air. However, the position of the eyes so restricts the field of vision in baleen whales that they probably do not have stereoscopic vision.
—剑4 Test 1 Passage 2 Paragraph 3
上述例子中,different degrees就是有概括性的词,整段都围绕着“不同鲸鱼的视觉差异”展开。
由于主题句要统领整个段落,一般无过多的细节,故而句子较短。类似的情况还可以在剑4 Test 2 Passage 1 Paragraph 1和 剑5 Test1 Passage 3 Paragraph 2 见到。
2、首句为“人名+宾语从句”的格式,大概率上也可判定为主题句,如:
Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general. Comparing measurements for fifteen orders of mammals, he and his team found larger brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness. The converse was also found to be true. Robert Barton of Durham University believes that, because large brains are more sensitive to developmental stimuli than *aller brains, they require more play to help mould them for *hood.‘I concluded it's to do with learning, and with the importance of environmental data to the brain during development.' he says.
—剑4 Test 2 Passage 3 Paragraph E
剑6 Test 2 Passage 1 Paragraph A,也是类似的情况。若第一句不太明显,不足以断定是否为主题句,可快速地看一下第二句。首句后紧跟着例子或解释,也可坐实首句是主题句。如:
But volcanoes are not very predictable. That is because geological time is not like human time. During quiet periods, volcanoes cap themselves with their own lava by forming a powerful cone from the molten rocks slopping over the rim of the crater; later the lava cools slowly into a huge, hard, stable plug which blocks any further eruption until the pressure below becomes irresistible. In the case of Mount Pinatubo, this took 600 years.
—剑4 Test 3 Passage 2 Paragraph D1
上述例子中,第二句是对第一句的解释。还有一种类似的情况,第二句由for example开头的,像剑4 Test 1 Passage 1 Paragraph 1和剑4 Test 4Passage 1 Paragraph 8,也能坐实第一句是主题句。
3、首句提出了问题,如:
Why do people reject the language of their parents? It begins with a crisis of confidence, when a *all community finds itself alongside a larger, wealthier society, says Nicholas Ostler, of Britain's Foundation for Endangered Languages, in Bath. 'People lose faith in their culture,' he says. 'When the next generation reaches their teens, they might not want to be induced into the old traditions.’
—剑4 Test 2 Passage 1 Paragraph 4
哪些情况不是主题句?
如果段落第一句具有以下特征,则不是主题句:第一句只是承接上一段,没有讲新的观点/事物,如:
Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure. The problem for biologists, psychologists and anthropologists is to sort out which of these two polar explanations is more plausible. This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology-to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates, or at least strongly biases, the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is their behaviour.
—剑5 Test 1 Passage 2 Paragraph I
此时就应该意识到这个首句仅仅起到承上启下的作用,没有概括段落的功能。虽然第一句没有承接上段,但是有让步的意味,也不适合做主题句。如
Identifying genetically talented individuals is only the first step. Michael Yessis, an emeritus professor of Sport Science at California State University at Fullerton, maintains that ‘genetics only determines about one third of what an athlete can do. But with the right training we can go much further with that one third than we've been going.’Yessis believes that U.S runners, despite their impressive achievements, are ‘running on their genetics'. By applying more specific methods, 'they're going to go much faster'. These methods include strength training that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics, a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union.
—剑4 Test 4 Passage 1 Paragraph 3
该句的“only the first step”就含有让步的意味。另外,如果在紧接着的第二句话中,看到有however,but,instead等转折词或出现否定前一句话的词,也说明第一句话不是主题句。详见下面的例子:
There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out where cars are the only viable transport. The example of European cities refutes that. They are often wealthier than their American counterparts but have not generated the same level of car use. In Stockholm, car use has actually fallen in recent years as the city has become larger and wealthier. A new study makes this point even more starkly. Developing cities in Asia, such as Jakarta and Bangkok, make more use of the car than wealthy Asian cities such as Tokyo and Singapore. In cities that developed later, the World Bank and Asia Development Bank discouraged the building of public transport and people have been force to rely on cars — creating the massive traffic jams that characterize those cities.
—剑6 Test 2 Passage 1 Paragraph C
若第二句具备“提及新观点/事物且有概括性的词”或“句中有转折词”的特征,基本上可判定为主题句,如:
Stories about the problems of touri* have become legion in the last few years. Yet it does not have to be a problem. Although touri* inevitably affects the region in which it takes place, the costs to these fragile environments and their local cultures can be minimized. Indeed, it can even be a vehicle for reinvigorating local cultures, as has happened with the Sherpas of Nepal's Khumbu Valley and in some Alpine villages. And a growing number of adventure touri* operators are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term.
—剑5 Test 4 Passage 1 Paragraph C1
但是,如果第二句依然在讲细节,或者第二句话与第一句构成并列的关系,说明第二句也不是主题句。此时,我们不要去看第三句,应该直接跳至段尾,看段落的最后一句话。
段落的最后一句,如果具备以下特征,则可以判定为主题句:1)该句有概括性的词语;2)尾句与本段前面的其他句子形成“例子 — 总结”的关系,如:
All our subjects deemed the circle soft and the square hard. A full 94% ascribed happy to the circle, instead of sad. But other pairs revealed less agreement: 79% matched fast to slow and weak to strong, respectively. And only 51% linked deep to circle and shallow to square. When we tested four totally blind volunteers using the same list, we found that their choices closely resembled those made by the sighted subjects. One man, who had been blind since birth, scored extremely well. He made only one match differing from the consensus, assigning 'far' to square and 'near' to circle. In fact, only a *all majority of sighted subject — 53% — had paired far and near to the opposite partners. Thus, we conclude that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.
—剑4 Test 1 Passage 3 Paragraph 8
当然,也有可能该段落本身就没有主题句。如果大家读完了第一句、第二句和最后一句,都没法找到主题句的话,就要自己动手概括段落大意了。大体说来,具备 “介绍背景”、“叙事性强”、“时间/年份多”等特征的段落会比较难找到主题句。
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