雅思听力材料：伟大的作曲家-莫扎特(视频)

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第六集：莫扎特

简介：

莫扎特(Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,1756-1791)，奥地利作曲家。自幼就表现出超常的音乐天赋，3岁练琴，5岁作曲，1762年起其父安排去欧洲各国宫延表 演，1763年作更广泛的旅游演出，在路易十五的凡尔赛宫逗留了两周。1764年到达伦敦，受乔治三世接见，在伦敦曾师从阿贝尔与J，C，巴赫，创作了最 早的3部交响曲。1766年莫扎特全家返回萨尔茨堡。1767年与1768年两次再访维也纳，创作了早期的两部歌剧。1769年底，其父又带他到意大利， 其后不久又两次访意。莫扎特的早期创作基本都是在其父带他到欧洲各地巡回演出中的创作习作，这期间他广采各家之所作，锻炼了极强的适应各种创作的能力。在 莫扎特的早期创作，主要受巴赫创作的影响。1778年，莫扎特到巴黎，7月其母去世，其时法国人以对为神童的莫扎特不敢兴趣，莫扎特求宫廷职务不成，只得 返回萨尔茨堡，担任宫廷与教堂的管风琴师，因与大主教不和终于辞职去维也纳。1782年起莫扎特的创作开始进入成熟期，1782年8月，他创作了《后宫诱 逃》，然后与康斯坦策.韦伯结婚。这段时间，他创作了大量最有光彩，也最具他特色的作品。在维也纳宫廷担任乐师期间，他创作了大量为宫廷服务的舞曲、媳游 曲、小夜曲;他和迪特斯多夫和海顿一起拉弦乐四重奏，担任中提琴手，创作了非常重要的《海顿四重奏》，另还有各种类型最优秀的协奏曲与室内乐。1788年 后可看作莫扎特的第三阶段，也就是晚期。这一阶段一方面他创作出巅峰作品，比如最后的3部交响曲、歌剧《女人心》与《魔笛》;另一方面，他的创作中也开始 出现了较烈的冲突，在晚期的室内乐作品、宗教作品中，这种冲突表现的特别明显。

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (German: [ˈvɔlfɡaŋ amaˈdeus ˈmoːtsaʁt], English see fn.), bapti*al name Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791), was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era.

Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood. Already competent on keyboard and violin, he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty. At 17, he was engaged as a court musician inSalzburg, but grew restless and travelled in search of a better position, always composing abundantly. While visiting Vienna in 1781, he was di*issed from his Salzburg position. He chose to stay in the capital, where he achieved fame but little financial security. During his final years in Vienna, he composed many of his best-known symphonies, concertos, and operas, and portions of the Requiem, which was largely unfinished at the time of his death. The circumstances of his early death have been much mythologized. He was survived by his wife Constanzeand two sons.

Mozart learned voraciously from others, and developed a brilliance and maturity of style that encompassed the light and graceful along with the dark and passionate. He composed over 600 works, many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic, concertante, chamber, operatic, and choral music. He is among the most enduringly popular ofclassical composers, and his influence on subsequent Western art music is profound; Beethoven composed his own early works in the shadow of Mozart, and Joseph Haydn wrote that "posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years."

视频信息：

音乐：科林·戴维斯 <指挥> 伦敦交响乐团、俄耳甫斯室内乐团、安德里昂四重奏组

钢琴：伊莫金·库佩尔

参与*的音乐家：

指挥家 科林·戴维斯(Sir Colin Davis)

指挥家 索尔蒂(Sir Georg Solti)

钢琴家 查尔斯·罗森(Charles Rosen)

钢琴家 伊莫金·库佩尔(Imogen Cooper)

女中音歌唱家 芭托莉(Cecilia Bartoli)

女高音歌唱家 莉莲?沃森(Lillian Watson)

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