雅思阅读材料：什么东东决定着你的印象分

When a person meets you for the first time they ask themselves two questions. The answers to these two questions will have all sorts of knock-on effects for how they think about you and how they behave towards you。

当别人与你次见面，他们都会问自己两个问题。这两个问题所得出答案决定了他们对你的看法和行动。

Professor Susan Fiske of Princeton University has shown that all social judgements can be boiled down to these two dimensions:

普林斯顿大学教授苏珊·菲斯克通过研究各种社会性判断，得出这些判断都能被总结成以下两个问题：

1.How warm is this person?

这个人有多热情?

The idea of warmth includes things like trustworthiness, friendliness, helpfulness, sociability and so on. Initial warmth judgements are made within a few seconds of meeting you。

热情的定义包括可信度、友好度、有益性、社交性等等。这种最初的热情与否的判断在你与他人见面后几秒钟内就能得到答案。

2.How competent is this person?

这个人有没有能力?

Competency judgements take longer to form and include things like intelligence, creativity, perceived ability and so on。

能力的判断需要花更长的时间来得出，能力包括了智力、创造力和领悟力等等。

Susan Fiske's research has looked at different cultures, times and types of social judgements, but these two concepts come up again and again in slightly different guises. Not only do we make these judgements about other people, but we frame their behaviour using these two questions。

苏珊·菲斯克教授的研究涵盖了不同的文化、不同的时代和不同类型的社会性判断，即使有细微差别，但是这两个问题一再地在研究中出现。我们不但通过这两个问题来判断别人，而且会做出相应的行为动作。

The primacy of warmth and competence may reflect evolved, instinctual reactions to these two questions about others:

关于热情和能力的最基本的判断会让我们做出直觉的反应，从而引申出下面的两个问题：

1.Friend or foe? Is this person going to hurt me or help me?

是敌是友?这个人是来害我的还是来助我的?

2.Capable of hurting or helping? Can this person help me if they're friendly or hurt me if they're not?

能不能害我/帮我?如果来人是友好的，能不能帮我?如果来者不善，会不会害我?

How warm and competent do other people find you? You probably know quite well how other people view you。

别人是如何看待你的?有多热情?有多少能力?答案你可能知道得很清楚。

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