雅思阅读之关键词

同其他考的阅读部分相比，雅思阅读部分大的特点是文章篇幅长。考生要在一个小时内完成8种类型共计40道题目(这个要求近乎苛刻)。因此，阅读目的就从单纯的“信息获取’’转变成”寻找答案”。在这个过程中，原文涉及的大部分细节内容对于完成题目是无意义的，无需字斟句酌。上海老师认为只有在雅思阅读中准确把握题干的关键词，才能区分哪些字句与题目(答题点)有关。

所谓“ 关键词 ’’是指题干中的核心词或者决定答案性质或位置的词。典型的关键词是句子的主干、人名、地名、时间、数字和生词。由于它们会在原文重现，因此产生了一种答题方法：回原文找关键词。这往往给考生一种印象：只要在题干中划出关键词就一定能找到 原词。那么关键词一定会“原型”重现吗?请看下面这道判断题：

Example: While it is acknowledged for many years that an increasing number of animals are bound to become extinct，it is only recently that the problem has been addressed by politicians．

题目 : We have known for along time that more species of animals will disappear．(判断题)

AA 语言重现
关键词在原文中以原词形式出现。AA语言重现在题中占的比例大，也是简单的一类考法。它以特殊关键词为主，包括人名、地名、时间、数字和生词。

Example: At precisely 4:20 am on Friday the 24th of September 1993 it was announced that Sydney had beaten five other competing cities around the world，and Australians everywhere，not only Sydney-siders，were justifiably proud of the result．But，if Sydney had lost the bid，would the taxpayers of NESW and of Australia have approved of government's spending millions of dollars in a failed and costly exercise?

题目 ：How many cities were competing in 1993 for the right to hold the 2000 Games? (简答题)

AB 语言重现

定义： 关键词A在原文中以同义词B的形式出现。AB语言重现题考察考生的单词量，主要凭理解力去定位。
Sea fishing grew rapidly in the decades after the Second World War.  Mechanisation increased the fishermen's catch in traditional grounds and then carried them to distant waters for more.

题目 : Technological developments contributed to the higher fish catches after the Second World War. ( 判断题 )

关系重现
定义 ：所谓“关系重现”是把定位对象从“词”上升到“句子结构”，从而越过生词造成的阅读障碍。这是关键的一类语言重现，是阅读技巧的完美体现。
例：Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded.

题目 ：Paper is less threatening to our environment when we throw it away because it is _________(填空题)

再比如 ，有一道简答题这样问：
Name TWO reasons for loss of farmland. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS in both of your answers.
Although the world regards Asia as the focus of an economic and industrial miracle, without adequate supplies of food, Lampe says, chaos could easily result in many countries. And the impact will be felt widely throughout the region. In the 1990s alone, he says, the cities of Asia will be swollen by a further 500 million people______nearly equal to the population of the United States and European Community combined. "The only growing population in Asia is that of the poor. Prime productive land is being used for city expansion and building roads.

2. 提供免费交通不是好的方法
a.     给*造成很大负担，甚至负担不起终影响城市发展。
关键词句推荐：The first and foremost reason why providing free transport can be irrational is that it may considerably increase the burden of the government, or even give rise to the malfunction of the government resulted from unaffordable cost. // adversely affect the development of cities in the long run ……
b.     没必要一天24小时一周7天都提供，因为有的时段不拥堵，造成资源浪费。
关键词句推荐：There seems no need to provide public transport free of charge for 24 hours throughout the week since traffic jams only happen during the rush hours on weekdays.// otherwise, contribute to enormous wastes of resources// resources exhaustion// unsustainable development ……
c.     提高公民环计划意识才是王道。
关键词句推荐：raise people’s awareness of environmental protection since consciousness plays a vital role in actions// on the other hand, providing free transport will only make the situation less intense, but definitely is not able to solve the underlying problem ……

3. 提供免费交通也有一定的效果
给通勤者降低生活成本，可能会减少使用私车或打车。
关键词句推荐：drive down the cost of living for daily commuters// may reduce the use of private cars and taxis ……

4. Conclusion
先重申观点
→再总结论据，或根据自己的观点提出建议措施，或用虚拟语气进行反面假设