精读报刊提高雅思阅读之生活篇

精读原版英文报刊才是提高雅思英语的真正平台，下面上海张雅德老师就给我们带了精读的完美展示，赶紧一起来看看吧。
Mini Human ‘Brains’ Grown in Lab for the First Time

Why rely on mouse brains to help us understand our most complex organ when you can grow a model of a human one? Tiny “brains” that include parts of the cortex, hippocampus and even retinas, have been made for the first time using stem cells. The 3D tissue structures will let researchers study the early stages of human brain development in unprecedented detail.

【主要语言点解析】 ：

“rely on”,译文“依靠，取决于”在雅思考中属于高频词组。常常与depend on出现替换，如“Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory’s 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing.”[见C6T1P3]其对应的出题句子为“In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their ____ lifestyle , but they continue to depend mainly on _____ for their food and clothes.”题目解析：依据替换或改写的答题思路，很容易发现原文的 “ abandon” 改写为 “ give up” , 所以个空答案为 “nomadic”。则二个空为 “ rely heavily on” 替换为 “ depend mainly on ，”所以二个答案为“nature.”

【易混词辨析】 ：

“complex”means difficult to understand or deal with because many parts or details are involved. For example; the chemical processes involved are extremely complex. 译文：所涉及的化学过程其复杂。在雅思写作过程中很多同学无法分清 complex 和 complicated 的用法，下边请看一条来自朗文词典的解释： “In written English, people often use complex rather than complicated, because it sounds more formal: the problem is very complex.”所以建议考生在写作文时，可以用complex来加强行文的accuracy.

【雅思链接】

“ early stage ”可以用 preliminary stage 和 initial stage 替换【见C6T2P3】, “ unprecedented ”【见C8T2P2/C6T1P3/C5T2P1】译为：“空前的;前所未有的;的”可以用 unparalleled 替换。以C5T2P1为例： “Baekeland’s invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century.”

Because human brains are so different from those of most animals, looking at how animal brains develop only gives us a crude understanding of the process in humans. “Mouse models don't cut it,” says Juergen Knoblich at the Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) in Vienna, Austria.

【 易错语言点分析】 ：

“those”这里代指前边的主语 “brains”所以同学们在写雅思作文时一定要注意前后人称和数的一致性，同时后边的介词“of”也是很多同学容易丢掉的关键词。这里不可省略，因为这是介词短语作后置定语来修饰 “those”即 “brains”意思为：“大多数动物的大脑”。

【 替换词归纳】 ：

“ be different from ”可以用如下的两个词组来替换，“ have nothing in common ”①. “For example, apart from the fact that we went to the same school, we have absolutely nothing in common.”译文：除了我们在同一所学校学习外，对没什么共同点。 “ there is little/no resemblance ”②. “For example, there is no resemblance between the two sisters at all.”译文：两个姐妹之间没什么相似之处。

【 长句分析 】
“ looking at how animal brains develop only gives us a crude understanding of the process in humans.”本句为现在分词短语作主语，即looking at how animal brains develop 为主语。现在分词短语作主语谓语动词要用三人称单数形式，所以gives的出现大要注意。在写雅思作文的时候，注意主谓一致。“how animal brains develop”作为介词at 的宾语，即介词宾语从句。Give somebody a crude understanding of something为句型，可翻译为“某人对某事有一个初步的理解”。这里的“ crude ” 可以替换为 rough.

【 与 cut 相关短语大揭秘 】

cut off 切断；中断；使死亡；剥夺继承权  cut down v. 削减；砍倒；杀死；删节；cut in 插嘴；超车；插入                 cut into v. 打断；侵犯 cut out 切断；删去；停止；关掉 cut back 削减；修剪；cut from 从…上切下  cut through 刺穿；抄近路走过 cut down on 减少  cut up vt. 切碎；抨击 cut back on 缩减；减低 cut on v. 很快向前走；赶路 cut away 切掉，砍掉 cut across 抄近路通过；径直穿过；打断 cut out for 适合于，准备；与……相配合
The researchers found that the ① reduced number of neurons in the microcephalic models ② was linked to a lack of a protein called CDK5RAP2. When they added this protein to the microcephalic organoids, the number of neurons increased.

【 长难句分析 】

本段落为两个复合句，个是宾语从句，从句中的主语为number，中心内容为：Number was linked to protein. Number前后分别为前置和后置定语，protein后为过去分词短语作后置定语，省略that/which was. 二个是时间状语从句，主句的中心为：Number increased.

【雅思阅读复习资料链接】

• 【 reduced链接 】： “an explanation for reduced water use”[C7T1P2]，在词句中reduced也充当前置定语的成分，表示减少的数量。在【C7T1P2】中出现过一句与此相似度高的句子，即，“But since 1980, the amount of water consumed per person has actually decreased, thanks to a range of new technologies that help to conserve water in homes and industry.”这里decreased和reduced为同义词，均表示减少的，下降的。
• 【 was linked to 】“be linked to”表示：与……相关; 与……有联系.

其常用的同意替换多数为：be associated with; be connected with; be involved with; be related to/with; be correlated with; be critical for.下面请看：“particularly the right prefrontal believed to be critical for problem-solving.”[C5T2P2]其出题点为： “Right prefrontal cortex lights up---area of brain linked to problem solving”.经过分析很容易得出结论，本题目中 “be critical for和be linked to”出现了同意替换。  同时请看：“this patch of brain tucked behind the orbits of the eyes is associated with evaluating information”[C5T2P2]其出题点为： “orbital prefrontal cortex is activated----involved with evaluating information.”.本题目则be associated with和be involved with出现了替换。
Martin Coath of the Cognition Institute at Plymouth University, UK agrees: “Anything that might reasonably be ① called a real brain is going to have to pass more tests than simply being made of brain cells and looking a bit ② like a brain under a microscope.”

【雅思 考题链接 ①called 】

“called”意为被称为，被叫做。在雅思阅读的summary题型当中替换频率很高，常出现的替换点有“be known as, be referred to as”.下面来看一句来自剑桥阅读复习资料5的替换。“The result was a resin known as Novalak” [C5T2P1]。题目中为called替换原文的be known as.

【雅思 考题链接 ②like 】

“like”的词性有介词和动词，在雅思阅读考试中，like 作为介词出现的情况居多，其意思为“像”。Like作为介词出现的替换情形如下：be similar to; resemble等。下面请参考复习资料：
“some are ‘thermoplastic’, which means that, like candle-wax.”【C5T2P1】在本题目中be similar to被like替换。
“A wooden artifact found on the step pyramid at Sa*ara looks uncannily like a modern glider”。[C7T4P1] 其对应题目为 “The discovery on one pyramid of an object which resembled a ____.
很明显，原文的 “like”与题目中的 “resemble”出现了同意替换，所以答案为“modern glider”

本文章背景可参考【 C5T2P2 】