雅思口语加分的法宝：形象生动的明喻与暗喻 雅思口语考试part

雅思考试主要是通过对考生听、说、读、写四个方面英语能力的考核，综合测评考生的英语沟通运用能力，实现“沟通为本”的考试理念。对于雅思考生来说，也有很多考试难点和政策盲区需要帮助解答。今天雅思无忧网小编准备了雅思口语加分的法宝：形象生动的明喻与暗喻 雅思口语考试part，希望通过文章来解决雅思考生这方面的疑难问题，敬请关注。

雅思口语加分的法宝：形象生动的明喻与暗喻

在遵循“形而下”总原则的前提下，在讲述个人经验，描述日常活动或具体细节的时候，如果能熟练地将比喻这样的修辞方式适当地运用到口语中，考生便更能凸显个人特色，给考官留下好的印象。作为修辞学上的辞格之一，比喻无论在口语的描述、论证还是说明中都可以起到让要表达的内容生动化，形象化，具体化，生活化的作用。在此就比喻在雅思口语考试中的运用做一个探讨，以供考生参考。

比喻的定义

比喻作为一种修辞方式 (figure of speech)，其实也是认知的一种基本方式，在汉语中也是非常常见和常用的。我们常通俗地叫它作打比方，根据思想对象同另外为人熟悉的事物之间的相似或相同之处，用另外的事物来比拟思想对象，以达到通过熟知的事物特征来重新认识思想对象的目的。由此可见，它是一种具有化抽象为具体，变深奥为浅显的神奇力量的修辞，如果能在雅思口语考试中很好地加以运用，一定会有事半功倍的效果。

比喻的方式

由上面的定义可以看出，在思想的对象之外可以寻找到与之有类似点、为人熟悉的事物，就可以构成比喻。两类事物必须具有不同的性质，但却又要有相似点。我们知道在汉语中，比喻在文辞上有三个成分：本体、喻体和比喻词。其实，英语中的比喻也是一样，具体的讲就是有被比喻的事物、用来打比方的事物和表示比喻关系的词。根据三者同时出现与否或出现方式的异同，比喻的方式会有所不同。以比喻中最常用和最基本的方式-明喻和隐喻（或称暗喻）-为例来和考生们分享比喻的作用：

1.Simile 明喻

It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.

很明显，在明喻中上述的三个成分都会出现，表示比喻关系的词通常为”as, as…as, as if, like”等，汉语中我们解释为“好像、似乎、仿佛”等喻词。

Example 1: Describe a person who likes to help others

例如Part 2要求考生描述一个乐于助人的人，考生可以讲述自己接受其帮助的亲身经历，在描述自己遇到困难心急如焚的尴尬时，可以说：I was really like a cat on hot bricks at that moment. 这里的明喻，”like”就是用于表示比喻关系的词，把自己比作“爬在热砖上的猫”，表达更加形象，易于理解，也多了几分轻松调侃的意味。所以，在很多地道的英文短语、常用谚语和句型中考生可以积累到很多用作比喻的表达。但考生需注意的是一些与汉语相同的意思在英语中的表达方式却可能不同，两者不要混用。比如上面的例子，汉语我们通常会说：“急得像热锅上的蚂蚁”，但英文中却说“急得像爬在热砖上的猫”。同样的意思，但将自己比喻成的动物和相应的情境却不一样。所以，在考场上要能正确使用英语比喻，考生们在日常学习当中一定要善于积累地道的英语表达方式，使用的时候才能做到有的放矢。

2. Metaphor 暗喻或隐喻

It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated.

和明喻不同，暗喻中不会出现如上较明显的表示比喻关系的词，而是用”is”等词代替。

Example 2: Describe a person who you admire

例如仍旧是Part 2要求考生描述一位自己崇拜和仰慕的人，考生讲述自己仰慕此人的理由是觉得这个人学识渊博，且又是较为熟悉和亲近的人时，可以说：He is really a walking dictionary and could always tell me anything I would like to know. 这里用的就是隐喻，没有明显的表示比喻关系的词，而用了“is”，说这位学识渊博的人“简直就是一本活字典”，言语之间透露着对他的崇敬之情。这种比喻在汉语当中也是存在的，所以英语当中有的短语和我们汉语中的用法还是如出一辙的。但到底哪些一样，哪些不同，在平时积累的过程中一定要加以区分。

正确和适当地运用比喻

由上面的具体例子可以看出，考生用比喻来对想要描述的事物特征进行描绘和渲染，可以使事物生动形象具体可感，并且引发听者的联想和想象，能给考官以深刻的印象。但在运用的过程中，提醒考生还需注意以下两点：一是用来打比方的事物一定要常见，如果本来就不是大家熟知的事物，比喻的目的也就达不到了；二是比喻一定要贴切，如果没有想到合适的事物作比较，倒不如用解释的方法来描述，要记住对于口语表达来讲清楚易懂应放在第一位。所以，考生们能够注意以上两点，平日里多积累、多运用，考试的时候随机应变便能发挥所长，在适当的时候正确地运用比喻，将“形而下”的原则贯彻到底。

雅思口语考试part 1中yes or no的问题详解

老师发现，在雅思口语考试的P1部分中，有很多涉及到yes/no的问题，如：

Do you have a favorite pair of shoes?

Do you enjoy spending time in natural places?

Do you enjoy writing by hand?

Do you have any favorite colors?......

yes/no的回答看似简单，但是有时候我们不能只简单的一句yes/no来轻描淡写的盖过，而且有时候答的不对还容易扣分，下面就来看看这类问题怎么回答。

问题1：Do you watch TV very much?

错误回答1：

“I rarely watch TV because I'm so busy with my work.”

诊断：没有直接回答问题

错误回答2：

“Because I'm so busy with my work, I rarely watch TV.”

诊断：在回答 Yes/No 问题时, 避免用“Because”开头

正确回答

“No, I don’t. I rarely watch TV because I’m so busy with my work.”

“No, I don’t because I’m so busy with my work.”

“Not really, no. I rarely watch TV because I’m so busy with my work.”

问题2：Do you like basketball?

错误回答：

Yes, I like basketball.

诊断：口语考试中尽量不要原封不动重复题目

正确回答

Yes, I do like it but, at the moment, I don'thave much time to play it or watch it on TV. (The word 'do' is spoken with strong word stress.)

肯定/否定/中立各种开头方式汇总：

肯定回答

Yes, I do.

Yes, I certainly do.

Absolutely!

Definitely!

否定回答

Not really.

Not really.

Not exactly.

中立回答

I suppose so./I suppose not.

I guess so./I guess not.

I imagine so.

Most of your answers in the test should consist of two parts - the first part directly answers the question and the second partconsists of a suitable amount of extra, relevant material. 就是说遇到此类问题首先直接回答问题，然后务必进行拓展。

附：雅思口语考官最喜欢问的40个问题，只要认真准备小伙伴们就可以荷枪实弹带着必胜的微笑直面雅思口语考官了哦。

1. What's your name?

2. Does your name have any special meaning?

3. Where were you come from?

4. What kind of landscape surrounds your hometown?

5. What is the main crop in your hometown?

6. What is the difference between Beijing and your hometown?

7. What are the main places of interest in your hometown?

8. What is the climate like in your hometown?

9. What is the character of the people like in the region where you live?

10. What are the differences in accent between the people of your hometown and Beijing?

11. What is people"s favorite food in your region?

12. How do you make dumplings?

13. What do you do during the Spring Festival?

14. Why is the Spring Festival so important to Chinese people?

15. Can you describe one of the main festivals celebrated in your country?

16. Tell me something about the Lantern Festival。

17. Tell me something about the Qing Ming Festival。

18. Tell me something about the customs of your country。

19. How long have you lived in Beijing?

20. What is the weather like in Beijing?

21. How do you compare the climate in Beijing with that in your hometown?

22. What place in Beijing do you like best? Why ?

23. Which is the worst place you"ve been to China?

24. Which is the best place you"ve been to China?

25. What places in Beijing should a foreigner visit? Why?

26. What are the major social problems in Beijing? How can they be solved?

27. What is the biggest problem China faces?

28. What places in Beijing should a foreigner visit? Why?

29. Could you tell me something about your family?

30. Have you any children?

31. What is your child"s name? Does his name have a meaning?

32. What does your wife/hu*and do?

33. When did you get married?

34. Describe your wedding。

35. How have weddings changed in recent years?

36. Are there any special customs about wedding in your region?

37. Describe a traditional wedding ceremony。

38. Where did you go for your honeymoon?

39. Did you have to ask for permission from your parents before you got married?

40. Is it acceptable for couples to live together without marrying?

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