雅思口语历年真题 2021年2月12日雅思考试口语真题(网友版)

你好，很高兴为你解或扰答：

我建议你可以用真题当做衫槐旦练习题来使明中用，但是题型还是点变化的。

HOT TOPIC

1. Why parents would prefer to home school their children?
Parents prefer to home school their children because it has been observed that children who are home schooled tend to be able to make it to international universities. Most people would be concerned about the child having an abnormal social life as he will not have any clas*ates when he is home schooled. Surprisingly, home schooled children seemed to be well rounded as compared to children who go to the traditional schooling. Parents can pay particular attention on the weakness of the child and focus on how to improve this when home schooling.

2. What are the advantages of Chinese education that you think should be passed on to the next generation?
Chinese characters seem to be complicated, yet very interesting because each stroke and character has a meaning of its own. When a character is combined with another character, the meaning becomes different already. Chinese history is very rich in culture and values which are essential in one’s character and lifestyle. Sadly, not all the Chinese are lucky enough to be able to learn all these things.

3. Do you think that having a 9 year-compulsory schooling is enough to have a bright future?
I am not convinced about the idea that a 9-year compulsory schooling is enough to have a bright future. It would really depend on the child’s emotional maturity, character, capacity, intellect and resilience to be able to have a bright future. Most of the tycoons that we know did not come from well to do backgrounds, thus some of them were not able to finish even the elementary level. A bright future is not only gauged on material gains, but on how much this individual has contributed for the benefit of those around him.

HOT TOPIC TWO Media
Media – Magazine, Newspaper, Radio, Television and Advertisement are all parts of Media. In the IELTS speaking test, there are a variety of questions comparing these different media types because it is considered to be the most powerful source of information that can straightly affect and influence people. Media is widely spread all over different places and countries. Most of the time it can change people’s way of life and way of thinking ,so examiners would like to know how you think and feel about it. Here are some examples of questions related to media in the IELTS speaking test.
1. Do you think that we should have censorship in TV programs?
Yes, I think that we should definitely have censorship in TV programs. I speak not only for the children but for the *s as well. What we see on TV do affect our subconscious level more than we are actually aware of. X rated films and violent programs are major factors why crime and violence are very rampant in the world we are living in.
2. Why some people are willing to spend a lot of money in purchasing magazines?
Magazines can be source of leisure yet can be informative as well that is why some people do not hesitate to splurge their money on these things. Through magazines, we can read about the life of some of our favorite celebrities. We get to also learn about practical tips about budgeting, fashion, improving our homes, etc. It is a source of entertainment where learning is fun and not forced.

3. What kind of influence can advertisement give to people?
Advertisement either compels people to buy or refrain them from buying certain things or from doing certain actions without their conscious awareness. It is a very powerful tool to influence the mindset of people both young and old. All types of advertisement seem to have this kind of impact whether they are found on the billboards on the trains, buses and roads, whether they are found in the magazines or newspapers, and whether they are seen on TV. Advertisement has great power to boost or break a particular brand.

HOT TOPIC THREE Science and Technology
Science and technology – This is one of those things that is changing rapidly in the society. Computers, MP 4, appliances are all part of the development of Science and technology. Any kind of change about these things usually has a very strong impact on us, some positive and some negative. Questions about pros and cons about this topic are often asked by the examiners during the exam. And anything about science and technology can become a question in IELTS speaking test. Here are some example questions candidates should know.

HOT TOPIC FOUR Flat and House
Flat and House – The most “in” topic in the last quarter of the year 2009. It is actually also one of the hottest topics last year, the year 2008. The difference between house and flat are the most in demand question about this topic. To be able to answer the questions well, candidates should at least know the difference between the two and have opinions about each one of them. What kind of decorations, and things that can be found inside a house or apartment should also be known by the candidates who are preparing to take the test?

HOT TOPIC FIVE Law
Law – This topic caused panic and anxiousness to the students in the first quarter and through the second quarter of this year. Because most of the students do not have anything to say about it. Plus, the fact that this topic needs a certain depth in both their language ability and knowledge to be able to conquer and answer the questions about law. In my opinion, students should know and be definite about the punishment of the law that they want to say. If not, or students are not sure of their knowledge, it is wise to give opinionated answers rather than giving information and details about it .Take note : There are no right or wrong in one’s opinion!

HOT TOPIC SIX Transportation
Transportation — Transportation topic in IELTS speaking test includes questions about bus, subway, train etc. Bicycle is often asked during the exam because it represents a strong culture of the Chinese people in terms of transportation. Examiners like to ask questions regarding special culture and means of lifestyle of a place. It is indeed a part of every one’s life.

HOT TOPIC SEVEN Pollution
Pollution – A huge problem in the society that should be solved immediately and that is why this topic is also tackled in IELTS speaking test. We are facing a variety of pollution problem such as air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution etc. Examiners would like to know how the candidates feel about this serious problem and methods to solve them .

HOT TOPIC EIGHT Population
Population – Population is indeed the biggest and worst problem of China. The effect of this problem is widely talked about in news, debates and even in IELTS oral exams. How to reduce the population is also one of the most important thing that people should care about. Adequate knowledge about questions regarding the negative effects of population and positive ways of solving this problem are necessary if you want to take the IELTS exam.

如果你需要雅思学习资料和雅思备考资料可以在百度HI里和我沟通，我传给你~~

2021年2月12日雅思考试已经画上了圆满的句号。大家都发挥得怎么样呢?为大家整理了以下2021年2月12日雅思考试口语真题(网友版)，供大家参考!

北京

1.12 北京教育考试中心 rm01 examiner是一个超级帅超级的高的白人男子。part1 是full name，apartment，trees，shop part2 a stranger you have helped part 3 why those people do those unpaid job。。。还有好多，忘了

北京教育考试中心RM06，考官是高个子黑人，疑似Jackson Mrtinez失散多年的亲兄弟，面无表情，说一口让我猝不及防的Aferican English。。。趴一工作or学习，家乡，父母是不是一个地方人;趴二long trip，趴三年轻人根据什么选择旅游地点，去国外旅游能学到什么。

10号，北京教育考试中心 room10，白人大叔，人很好，会互动，不打断。趴1 学习的专业，以后想从事的工作，还有鞋子 趴2 想学不能学的事情 趴3 问了很多，想不想尝试新的事物，学校的教育和家长的教育，电子产品帮不帮助学习

北京教育考试指导中心,RM 08，白人女考官，金发碧眼大长腿，略高冷，语速略快 趴万 studies,subject,handwriting,hometown 趴兔是榜样。。。感觉说的很没条理，连词什么的都忘了，一点都不好，时间到被打断。。。 趴碎是明星有什么责任什么的，还有小孩应不应该独立

北京教考中心room8。帕万：name，friends帕图：现在做不了，以后想做的事。帕3:怎么学会的使用电脑。年轻人和老年人谁更容易学习用电脑。

上海

上海应用技术学院徐汇校区 R219 看上去很像硅谷男主的白人小哥 P1 名字 Flat/house National Holiday 接触Nature P2 historical sites P3一堆historical sites的问题 还有问你觉得懂历史的人受尊敬么 从哪里可以知道历史之类的 小哥话不带腊多 除了问题没有多余的话

天津

天津外国语room5 白人超级nice不会打断。P1 home. taking a break.collection P2 a family member who you want to work with P3 family business. advantage of working in a big company..

天外room6 中年男人 p3超爱打断 都要崩溃了P1 major shopping P2 something you want learn but can't now P3 在家里学习和在学校学习 在家里学习电脑还是在学校 老人学电脑难不难

浙江

杭州考场303 part1关于house的一闭局系列最蠢态滑喜欢的房间什么的还有season喜不喜欢四季分明 part 2 the prize you want to win part 3 对学生和employee来说奖品有什么好处奖励员工对employer有什么好处

杭州303房间白人。青年比较帅。灰蓝色眼珠。趴1学生 public holiday major 趴兔你想成为的人。趴三 小孩和明星。明星要不要树立好榜样。公司现什么明星做代言人

杭州203 P1 apartment weekends collecting P2sth special would like to buy P3online shopping adv问了好多啊… 一个白人中年老头不怎么笑有一丢丢严肃不过语速很慢全程没有pardon

黑龙江

黑大rm6 白人 语速慢 会笑 part1 姓名 学科 博物馆 part2 车part3追问的想死 公共交通的变化 未来会变么 反正你说一句他就会追问 感觉没论证充分 走的时候跟我说have a nice day

黑大RM3，考官白人，胖乎乎的，很可爱part1名字 家 最喜欢的房间，part2 对身体有益的方式，part3做什么可以促进身体健康，老师怎么教你保持健康，媒体的发展对身体健康知识的普及

福建

厦大room201，金发中年老头，语音正常，语速正常人nice，1.工作还是学习，专业难吗，你以后想找什么工作，还有的忘了2.你想再去一次的地方3.短期旅行和长期旅行哪个好?吸引你再去的原因是什么?再去一次会得到什么?如果你只有三天你会去哪，为什么?

厦大2.8 9.00 a.m. RM402,趴万hometown，work/study，friends，major。趴吐your favorite singer or band。趴税songs in cantonese，music industry。

四川

四川大学room9 白人男考官 全程微笑 态度好到爆 part1 house or apartment & public holiday～ part 2 traffic jam ～ what time ～how long～ what the situation is part3 how to address traffic jam ～ is there a impactful way～

川大room3part one natural space major Part two person you respect Part three 老年人如何照顾小孩 年轻人照顾老年人应注意什么

川大，room4。男考官，很帅爱笑，很温柔，会打断。趴1：Name，major，weather。趴2：famous people。趴3：在中国什么人出名，为什么人们好奇famous people。成为famous people的好处和坏处。

江苏

东南大学，313，白人男，人很好还会开玩笑，P1 广告，季节，房间 P2 Borrow something from friends P3关于借东西，*东西的问题

西郊利物浦 R385 亚裔考官 女的 很和蔼 p1 home (house or flat)，shoes(舒服还是漂亮) p2想重温的旅行 给的时间很短 我还没说why就停了 p3 usual problem in journey ，prepare for trip，prepare for different

东南大学五五楼rm311 part1 flat or house,sky,part2 the occasion people tell lie,part3 technology to know truth

东南大学324 趴1 公寓house，季节，颜色 趴2 历史地 趴3 趴2延伸

广东

RM410广州仲恺 白人中年男，全程微笑，p1 home season weather p2 a person you want to be similar to p3 关于growing up 的问题

p2被打断不知道说了什么……广州仲恺201亚洲考官美式口音 p1 住宅 衣服 周末 p2还想再去的地方 p3 长途旅行和短途旅行相关问题

吉林

我只想说，你如果经历了吉林大学RM13你才知道什么是口语的终结者，说得不好考官会翻你白眼哦!p1，家乡，闲暇时间做什么，参加过哪些社团，组织。你能给组织做什么，你收获了什么。p2，你最讨厌的课程，为什么，现在喜欢什么。p3，你觉得人们应该博学还是专攻?

山西

太原理工 Room9 帅气男，白人，语速中，温柔 P1：study、shoes、major、shopping P2:important job P3: education and work 好多问题

湖北

湖北大学2.7口试RM14，考官是一个年轻的白人小哥，很亲切很绅士，会微笑，比较有耐心、基本不打断我，人很nice，但是part3也基本没怎么跟我讨论，结束了对我笑把我送到门口。

2.9号湖北大学room11: 趴弯：student,like yoir major,why 趴兔：a prize u want to win most?what is it?what u know about it?what u will do to win it?will u win it someday?why 趴碎：what prize in china will students get?会不会得到玩具，父母压力是否合适?

湖北大学，趴望，住flat还是house，喜欢家里哪个房间，natural place, best friend, do what with her, 趴吐，how to keep healthy, 趴酸，谁对你健康负责

武汉，湖北大学RM9,part one 是关于shoes 的。part 2是关于project and homework 的老题，part 3问的是homework是否对孩子学习有帮助，中国父母为什么要送孩子去补习班，以及你觉得孩子去读自己爱读的书，有时间玩重要吗?

湖北大学RM6 白人考官 英伦腔 p3最后一个问题犹豫了半天 他居然说不问了 就到这吧 考完了

辽宁

沈阳师范。刚才1.50考试 room1。p1。工作学习喜欢不。p2 一个事情可以对健康有益。p3 经常锻炼不，学校讲不讲锻炼身体的课，怎么改进。别的忘了

沈师room8白人，男，乐呵的，特别好。 Part1来自哪;家里来客人都是谁，你会给客人准备什么，喜欢去别人家做客吗 Part2迷路的经历 Part3地图和GPS导航利弊

江西

2月8号南昌大学趴1homwtown,apartment,frieds趴2the last book you red(竟然跟上次一样，还没说好)趴3children and reading technology influences reading habits

南昌大学112 男考官 小胡子 说话有口音 对人比较冷淡 part1 hometown flat clothes sky part2 exciting sports part3 人们为啥要做危险运动 怕的话干嘛还要做 *要不要管理 等等

山东

中国海洋大学 Room 06 白发爷爷 和蔼 会追问 Part 1 work or study trees Part 2 Part 3 advice 准备了十来个话题都没用上…

山大rm12.11:45你敢信，貌似中国考官。。P1家乡哪，学生还是工作，专业啥visitors to you home ，time management。还有以后想干啥。恩就这些。P2 童年时的家庭事件。。。P3家庭成员有多少，为什么人少了，男女是不是平等，爹妈在家什么分工。

海南

海大RM8 P1 house，collection，reading P2 occassion someone lie to you P3 lie positive and negative effects & 是否撒谎是常见的事 考官超级帅，温柔，有眼神交流，经常笑

甘肃

西北师大RM01,白人男考官 part 1 flat,sky,cloth part 2 team leader part 3 家里谁做决定，社会地位有没有可能对调;做大的决定很困难吗?一个领导者的品质有哪些?为什么有些人想当领导?有天生的领导吗?

多伦多

多伦多Wales College:趴完：work or study, shopping, season; 趴兔：singer; 趴脆：你国流行啥歌等等 考官白人老太太，态度超级好，差不多是我见过的唯一一个把我名字发音正确的洋人，她还说她要学中文，进去的时候还直接把趴兔摆我面前让我看

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雅思听力旧题是很好的备考资料，那么雅思听力旧题在哪里找?相信你们看了这篇 文章 ，就会明白了。一起来看看吧!

雅思听力旧题在哪里找

刚刚备考的同学们一听到雅思机经可能还有点小迷茫，不知道这是什么以及怎样使用。雅思机经又称雅思民间雅思答案题库。是一种较全面地针对听说读写四项能力的、为打算到英语国家学习、工作或定居的人们设置的英语水平考试。

雅思考试由剑桥大学考试委员会外语考试部、英国 文化 协会及IDP 教育 集团所共同拥有。“雅思机经”这个名词的由来和托福机经有关。机经指的是上机考试 经验 ，最先起源于托福考试，即对上机考试题目的回忆 总结 。虽然目前雅思考试并未采取机考方式，但是烤鸭雀圆们还是亲切的称雅思考试题目回忆记录为“雅思机经”。机经内容含听力，阅读，写作及口语 面试 题目。其中写作和口语部分对备考雅思的考生帮助很大。从另一个角度研究雅思历年考题，半年题库变更一次，研究同半年的机经，是完全可以遇到重复题目的。但其答案准确性众说纷纭，并不完全标准，*仅供研究参考。

听力注意事项

会有一个试音的过程，要求你戴上卜岁轿耳机，你要在这个机会中尽量适应音量，并调节耳机线的长度和耳机的舒适度。然后你会看到答题纸，老外会仔细介绍答题纸的正确填写，一定要仔细听，如果没有听懂或不敢确定，一定要举手询问，因为如果填写错误，考的成绩再好也没用了。9点整(教室有钟)听力会准时开始。听力的试卷是粉红色的，很漂亮的。要在卷子上写考号和名字的。

在录音要求你打开试卷前不可以翻开(请务必完全遵照考场和考官的一切指挥，以免给自己带来不必要的麻烦)。听力完毕后不要取下耳机，因为录音会继续提示你誊写时限，并会提示你“two minutesleft”。当时间到了的时候务必马上停笔，否则将被视为作弊，要把笔放在桌上把答题纸翻到反面，等待收走听力试卷。(听力和阅读用的是同一张答题纸的正反面)

阅读

大约9点40左右阅读考试就应该开始了，阅读的试卷是比较柔和的黄色，虽然没有听力好看，但还是可以接受的。(注意，不要指望听到开始考试或者结束考试的*，因为阅读和写作的考试没有固定的开始时间，每个教室根据各自考官分发试卷完毕自行宣布，但60分钟的阅读考试时间是保的)。阅读时间要抓紧，考官会在还剩30分钟、15分钟、5分钟、2分钟时提醒你，不要紧张，按自己的节奏做，最后如果来不及，不要有空的地方哦!老外会准时叫停，所以规矩和听力一样的。可以参考配套光盘进行学习

(特别提示：如果你运气好，在阅读的文章中看到了某个词正好是你听力中不会拼写的，不要很激动地翻过答题纸修改，因为这是不被允许的。你可以见机行事，但千万不要为了听力的一分而浪费太多的时间，因为阅读的时间是很紧迫的。)考官会收走阅读试卷和答题纸。

同学们对于雅思机经也不需要太纠结，觉得自己需要的话就去找一些看看，这个有没有用也是看个人的。

雅思听力机经的正确打开方式

问题原因分析：

1. 有很多同学在备考之前对雅思听力考试考查的场景，难度，考题类型等都一无所知，更不用提“烤鸭”们津津乐道的“鸡精”了。

2. 即使知道机经是什么，也不知道应该以怎样的态度和 方法 来利用机经。

3. 考试预测的版本号代表什么。

4. 机经的预测真的能命中吗。

常见表现：

不注重听力的练习，把极大的希望押宝到对机经的背诵上，到头来很可能是竹篮打水一场空，考试分数并没有实际提高。

解决方法：

机经说白了就是对于雅思听力每次考试场景，题型，题目内容以及答案的一个*。

机经作为雅思备考的有效资料，也有它的弊端，那就是听力原文的无法重现。所以机经里面也只是记录了每次考试中的场景描述、题目类型、顺序以及绝大多数题目的正确答案(有些题争议较大，无法确定正确答案是什么)，而并没有每道题目的相应原文。由于雅思听力考试会重复以前考过的场景，且题目和顺序几乎不会发生变化，所以背诵机经就给了一些学型肆生能够做到原题的可能，进而提高听力分数。

但是要提醒各位考生，背诵机经的难度是非常大的。首先，机经的含量太大，想全部背诵不太现实。其次，就算是看了很多名师或者网站的预测后大大缩减了范围，但是背诵量依然很大，而且不只需要准确的背诵答案，还要记住每一个场景下答案出现的顺序，这更是难上加难。偶有听说有靠背机经取得听力分数提高的案例，但是可想而知那些人付出了多么大的努力，俗话说叫把机经融入到血液里了，这是一般学生望而生畏而且也无法做到的。

那么，我们应该以一种什么样的态度和方法来对待机经呢?首先，我觉得机经无疑是一个高频词汇的宝库，与其天天花钱去追求一些高频词汇的宝书，还不如上网下载一个机经，并且把它当做背单词的利器。笔者认为，这样做有以下几点好处：你能在一个真实的雅思场景描述下来背诵单词，比起手拿枯燥的单词表死记硬背要强很多，因为脱离场景背单词是最徒劳无功的，想想有几个人能真正的背过字典就知道了;对于雅思考试的高频场景胸有成竹，并且能够举一反三。举个例子来说，跟租房子这个大场景有关的考题包括：住房类型，房源信息来源，预约，看房，维护维修， 保险 等，如若能在这个庞大的场景中进行细致的分类和归纳总结的话，你对雅思场景的把握和出题方向才会有更深的认识，这样才会觉得学习并不枯燥而且是卓有成效的。如果你能用这样的方式来对待机经，那么机经势必成为你手中的一把利器。

一些雅思名师和知名的雅思网站会在考前对当月或当次考试做出预测，这些预测也是基于机经版本号的。一个机经的版本号其实是一次考试的代码，学生需要做的是按照机经版本号去查找相对应的考试所在的页码，进而进行准备或者是死记硬背。预测一般分为A级和B极预测，或者分为一级预测和二级预测。每一个预测内包含有几十个机经的版本号，范围虽然有所缩小，但是量依然较大。其实这就相当于很多科目的老师在考前给你划主重点和次重点一样。

由于许多雅思名师对历次考试机经的研究，他们对雅思听力旧题的出现规律有了较深刻的认识，所以在他们所给出的重点预测里命中一旧，两旧，甚至三旧的机率确实较大。

2020年2月8日雅思听力真题回忆

场景分类

生活咨询场景

内容概述

健身房

题目回忆

1. address: Wickford Road

2. membership package: silver package

3. start time: from 7:30 am to 3:45 pm

4. discount fee: 40 dollars per month

5. 30 dollars is the joining fee

6. tennis courts

7. dance classes

8. café is open every day

9. can hire a towel for 50 cents

10. two documents to register: forms and photos

参考听力

C11T2S1.

场景分类

其他场景

内容概述

志愿者组织

题目回忆

11. Eye Saver was founded

A. 15 years

B. 30 years

C. 60 years

12. Insight project originally aims at

A. offering equipment with little technique

B. offering children who got eye disease

C. offering operational help to the public who has bad eyes

13. Main funding comes from:

A. final pay every month

B. donation from people

C. money collected on the street

14. Need the listeners to

A. receive glasses from patients

B. give money to donate

C. check the website

15. The main aim of this program of insight project

A. show them how easy their *all donation can make a difference

B. show people how easy eyes problems can be cured

C. eye diseases

16. How to publicize

A. recordings (fortunately, they still have recordings

B. computer

C. training

17. E. more significant

18. for older people --- D. ads or equipment

19. educational institution --- C. academic institution

20. young children --- B. school student

参考听力

C10T1S2.

场景分类

学术场景

内容概述

无油压缩机

题目回忆

21. introduction --- too informal

22. literature review --- not critical enough

23. something else --- too many quotations from others

24. acknowledgements --- lots of spelling mistake and errors

25. Shock absorber --- F. under the three legs

26. Air exchange --- C. square box on the top left

27. Moisture gatherer --- G. down under the compressor tank

28. Ventilator --- B. tube sticking out at top right

29. Air filter --- A. square box on top of the spoon

30. Air storage tank --- D. big house stores air

参考听力

C7T4S4.

场景分类

其他场景

内容概述

印度技术公司

题目回忆

31. create a more democratic workplace

32. grades are displayed on the website of internal staff - transparency

33. motto is employee first

34. performance asses*ent do not include promotion

35. among staff, on average, a 32% of income growth

36. offer benefits on food, cafeteria land vacation entitlement

37. a solution comes from any part of the company grades are not used for

38. openness of company improved communication within the company

39. complain were called as ticket

40. place a ban on anonymous people online

参考听力

C6T4S2.

雅思听力真题回忆

场景分类

生活咨询场景

内容概述

美国家庭旅游住宿和租车

题目回忆

1. Telephone No.0419657156

2. send written quote by post

3. Price for renting: $39 per day

4. An extra bed

5. Equipment: kitchen on the top

6. Need to have a heater

7. Microwave

8. Pick them up back from the airport

9. Insurance: the youngest driver’s age Caroline: 49 years old

10. The license issued in Australia

参考听力

C11T2S2.

场景分类

其他场景类

内容概述

运动中心

题目回忆

11-16 单选

11. What was newly established?

C. Dance studio

12. When is the busiest time?

B. Weekday evening

13. How to get a discount?

A. Book in advance

14. What benefit new customer can get?

A. free training for today only

15. Why did the gym win an award?

C. Offering professional advices

16. Why most people give up half way?

B. did not share experience among friends

17-20 匹配

17. general training:

B. the leg strength

18. weight training:

D. better concentration

19. Aerobic training:

F. release stress

20. squash

A. react time

参考听力

C10T1S2.

场景分类

学术场景

内容概述

蜜蜂与螨虫

题目回忆

21-26 流程图匹配

21. Varroa mites have been found on flowers

22. Then they carried by bees and hide under the hive

23. Cover their *ell by honey

24. The *s suck the “blood” of * honey bees

25. The compromised * bees are more prone to infections caused by virus

26-30 匹配题

26. Europe bumblebee: spread weeds

27. bamboo bee don’t know much

28. Italian bee: warm climate

29. Africanized honeybees are: very aggressive

30. Rare Carniolan bees: too few to help farmers

参考听力

C10T4S4.

场景分类

学术场景

内容概述

建筑材料

题目回忆

31. the foundation is constructed of natural materials

32. use the best soil and sand

33. the bricks contain a lot of high-quality clay

34. advantages: cheap and convenient

35. the process of brick making takes a good training

36. it needs water, time and labor

37. firstly, the roof needs to be set up

38. it is covered with plaster to prevent insects

39. has good strength

40. it has a risk of fire

参考听力

C11T1S4.