雅思口语名人素材 雅思口语备考该怎样搜集话题素材

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雅思口语是指雅思口语的考试过程，考试的时候，考官最想听到的是你个人的独到亩森见解，同时对于中国考生迅局亩来说，性别的用语要多注腊配意。由于中西的文化不同会产生很大语言上的差异，所以雅思口语有一些备考技巧，比如每天操练一些基本语言、用英文简单界定一个东西、学会使用重要的英国习语等。

JUDGE'S PLEDGE

THE JUDGE'S PLEDGE
As a member of the judiciary who desires to improve relations among
counsel and between the Bench and the Bar, I pledge as follows:
To be courteous, respectful and civil to the attorneys, parties, and
witnesses who appear before the court;
To exercise my authority to ensure that all the attorneys, parties, and
witnesses conduct themselves in a civil manner;
To refrain from any conduct or statement which discriminates on the basis
of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation or other personal
characteristic of attorneys, parties, or witnesses;
To instruct all court personnel to act civilly toward attorneys, parties,
and witnesses;
To refrain from the use of abusive, demeaning or humiliating language and
opinions in oral or written communication with attorneys, parties, and
witnesses;
To be punctual in covering all hearings, meetings, and conferences;
To give full consideration to the papers and arguments presented by
counsel
To make a reasonable effort to decide promptly all matters presented for
decision;
To be aware of the time restraints and pressures imposed upon attorneys by
the exigencies of litigation practice, while nevertheless endeavoring to
resolve disputes efficiently;
To make every effort to adhere to the statutes and court rules which are
intended to establish uniformity among all of the courts;
To consider the legitimate calendaring conflicts of attorneys, parties,
and witnesses in the administration of those matters before the court;
To avoid conduct which would give an appearance of favoriti* to any
particular counsel or party;
To be mindful that the court is the servant of the people and its purpose
is the administration of justice.

法官的保证
作为法官队伍中的一名希望改善律师之间的关系以及法官与律师之间的关系的成员，本文作出如下保证：
对出庭或到庭的律师、当事人以及证人礼貌、尊重、文明；
行使本人的职权以保证所有的律师、当事人以及证人以文明方式行事；
避免任何歧视律师、当事人或者证人的种族、宗教、性别、性取向、或其他个人特征的行为或语言；
指示所有法院人员以文明方式对待律师、当事人以及证人；
在与律师、当事人以及证人的口头或书面交流中避免辱骂性的、贬损性的或羞辱性的语言或意见；
准时进行所有的聆审和会议；
充分考虑律师呈交的所有文件和做出的所有辩论；
做出合理努力以迅速地对所有待决事项做出决定；
考虑到诉讼实践给律师带来的时间限制和压力，但是仍然努力有效地解决争端；
尽力遵守旨在使所有法院统一的制定法和法院规则；
在处理法院事务是考虑律师、当事人以及证人的合理的时间冲突；
避免任何对某个律师或当事人由偏袒迹象的行为；
谨记法院是人民的公仆，其目的是维护正义。

Judges

Fewer than one in twenty of those admitted to practice law is a federal, state, county, or municipal court judge. Except for some inferior courts, judges are generally required to be admitted to practice but do not practice while on the bench. There is so little uniformity that it is difficult to generalize further than to point out three salient characteristics that relate to the ranks from which judges are drawn, to the method of their selection, and to their tenure.

Judges are drawn from the practicing bar and less frequently from government service or the teaching profession. There is in the United States no career judiciary like that found in many other countries and there is no prescribed route for the young law graduate who aspires to be a judge, no apprenticeship that must be served, no service that must be entered. The outstanding young law graduates who act for a year or two as law clerks to the most distinguished judges of the federal and state courts have only the reward of the experience to take with them into practice and not the promise of a judicial career. While it is not uncommon for a vacancy on a higher court to be filled by a judge from a lower court, even this cannot be said to be the rule. The legal profession is not entirely unaware of the advantages of a career judiciary, but it is generally thought that they are outweighed by the experience and independence which American lawyers bring to the bench. Many of the outstanding judges of the country�s highest courts have had no prior judicial experience. Critici* has centered instead on the prevalent method of selection of judges.

State court judges are usually elected, commonly by popular vote, but occassionally by the legislature. Popular election has been the subject of much disapproval, including that of the American Bar Association, on the ground that the public lacks interest in and information on candidates for judicial office and that therefore the outcome is too often controlled by leaders of political parties. The situation has been somewhat improved since many local bar associations have undertaken to evaluate the qualifications of candidates and to support or oppose them on this basis.

Since 1937, the American Bar Association has advocated the substitution of a system under which the governor appoints judges from a list submitted by a special nominating board and the judge then periodically stands unopposed for reelection by popular vote on the basis of his or her record. Such a system is now in effect, for at least some judges, in a substantial minority of states. In a *all group of states, judges are appointed by the governor subject to legislative confirmation.

This is also the method of selection of federal judges, who are appointed by the President subject to confirmation by the Senate. Even under the appointive system the selection of judges is not immune from political influence and appointees are usually of the President�s or governor�s own party. But names of candidates for the federal judiciary are submitted to a committee of the American Bar Association and appointment is usually made only with its approval. The office of chief judge or chief justice is usually filled in the same manner as other judicial offices, although in some states it is filled from among the members of the court by rotation, by seniority of service, or by vote of the judges. The Chief Justice of the United States is appointed by the President, subject to Senate confirmation.

The third characteristic is that judges commonly serve for a term of years rather than for life. For courts of general jurisdiction it is typically four, six, or eight years, and for appellate courts, six, eight, or ten years. Happily, even where selection is by popular election, it is customary to return to office for sitting judges whose service has been satisfactory. In a few state courts and in the federal courts the judges sit for life. Whether on the bench for a term of years or for life, a judge may be removed from office only for gross misconduct and only by formal proceedings. Instances of removal have been rare indeed and only a handful of federal judges have been removed by formal proceedings. The independence of the judiciary is also encouraged by the rule that a judge incurs no civil liability for judicial acts, even if guilty of fraud and corruption. The American Bar Association�s Code of Judicial Conduct has been widely adopted as a standard to which judges are expected to adhere. Salaries for the higher judicial offices are usually good although less than the income of a successful private practitioner, the prestige of these offices is high, and the bench has been able to attract many of the country�s ablest legal minds. The great names in American law are in large part the names of its great judges.

TEAMWORK

人物类话题一直以来都是雅思口语part2部分的高频话题同时还是必须要重视的一部分，因此考生要求对这个话题要更加的熟悉同时熟练掌握。下面给大家带来雅思口语人物类话题回答关键是什么。
在总结历年试题的时候，看后才知道比较多的是雅思口语人物类，但是经过筛选排重仔细分析之后，经常出现的也那么几个话题，如一个让你崇拜的领导，一个值得尊敬的老人，一个你熟悉的家人……。所以，大家能够总结出一套固亩竖伏定的答题方式，明确主次，重难点，那么在考试的时候会更加灵活的应对。
针对part2的一些话题，考生根本没有必须再去重新想一套答题思路，因为话题卡上会有四个小问题，这是雅思口语人物类话题回答思路和顺序。但是我们仔细分析其实是可以将其分为3个部分进行陈述。
首部分我们可以将问题1和问题2总结在一起进行回答。因为这部分通常会涉及到的是人物相关背景介绍，比如说外貌、性格、职业以及年龄是当成整个mini presentation的简单介绍，向考官陈述一个直观整体的印象。但根本没有必要再说什么，因为时间有限，同时并不可以舍本逐末，占用第二部分也是body部分太多的内容。
而body部分通常是话题卡的第三个问题或者第三、四个问题。但在此部分才属于整个 presentation的关键所在。因此这一此部分要求把才提及的几个点，进行组合，表达出来。可以挑选其中一个有特色的特点根据问题的内容进行详细的阐述。大家可以模仿英美电影电视的内容进行地道的改写。同时考生还需要明白，在body部分，通常有两种趋势也是人物类的两个细分点：如果描述的是名人类及个人熟悉类，一般要提及的是这个人的成、社会影响力;如果是个人熟悉类，通常需要说到的是某个经历或是故事。在平时的准备过程中，这两类人的素材都迅携必须要准备，但并非表示全部的名人，所有的熟人都要去准纤逗备，也不必纠结于到底要准备哪个名人，因为人物是有共性的。

很多同学在学习雅思口语的过程中存在这样的困惑，即怎样搜集口语话题。问题主要体现在以下两个方面。
其一，面对很多话题，同学们只能说出寥寥闹指饥数语，而且绝大多数同学所说的内容基本雷同。如a famous animal in China，中国学生的标准答案就是panda，而且关于panda，同学们除了说出It has white body and black eyes或者It's cute之外，几乎没有区别于其他同学的内容。
其二，在面对相当数量的话题时，同学们感到无话可说。例如a wedding you have attended，很多同学称自己没有参加过任何婚礼，导逗团致在考场上语塞。
首先，同学们明白一个事实，那就是：雅思口语中未必一定要说真话。因为通常，真话是我们根本就不了解这个话题，就算能说出来，恐怕液返和其他学生也差不多，是一个既无趣又单调的答案。这样一个答案，在雅思考试中肯定不能获得理想的分数。所以，只要答案是合情合理，前后不矛盾，我们就可以使用。总之，在谈话中，我们要做的只是一个忠实的story teller。
本着这样一个原则，我们就可以着手准备素材了。在这里谈几个准备的方法。
首先要学会做有心人，平时和同学、朋友聊天，要多注意收集他人的人生经历。比如一个同学绘声绘色地描述了他去云南游玩的经历，即便你本人没有去过云南，也可以把这一段话改编成一段出色的雅思口语trip题答案;
其次，如果确实对于某个话题感到无话可说。我们可以借助现在最为发达的网络平台来寻找答案。例如在准备describe a park这道题目的时候，南京同学往往会将目标锁定在Xuan Wuhu lake park上，所以我们会听到许多同学描述完全相同的事物，如There's a zoo indside of it, and there're different kinds of animal in it, such as…这样的描述确实难以令考官产生兴趣。那么如果我们借助网络来搜索答案，又可以得到什么结果呢?在Google或者*(Wikipedia)中，我们输入关键词 Disneyland, California, 就能得到全部的关于加州迪斯尼的资料。从这个公园产生的背景，到这个公园各个部分的简介。比如关于其中一个叫做 Redwood Greek Challenge Trail的景点，我们得到了以下信息：
Redwood Creek Challenge Trail (opened February 8, 2001) : A play area for kids, featuring a Mount Shasta wilderness-like setting and suspension and wire bridges. It also features rock climbing and a Brother Bear scene cave. It is also designed for adventurous *s.
这段文字描述加上旁边配上的图片，能让我们清楚了解这一个景点的具体情况。那么我们稍稍将这段话做一点点改编和扩充，把它当作是我们自己的经历，就是一小段不错的谈话。
Well, I don't have a certain favorite attraction in particular, but if I have to say, I'd probably say it is Redwood Creek Challenge Trail. Actually, it's a play area for kids but it also attracts a young * like me for its design. It is a mount shape background with a exciting suspension and wire bridge, and also a cute brother bear cave which even fascinates a lot of *s.
不难看出，上面一段口语答案和关于Xuan Wuhu Lake Park的描述，无论从评分的哪个角度，都是关于Disneyland的这一段获胜。
不过在网络搜索的过程中，切记三个原则，第一，搜索的关键词要具体不要抽象，如果搜索describe a park，就不如搜索一个具体的公园Disneyland得到的信息多;第二，得到了文字信息之后，一定要在资料的基础上进行改编，因为得到的资料是书面语，我们要将它修改成口语稿才能使用;第三，一定要反复对着镜子练习自己的说话方式，把这些句子熟练掌握，内化为自己的观点，并能把它自然地说出来，而不是“背”出来，如果考官发现是在背诵而不是叙述，肯定会给你一个很低的分数。
素材搜索的方法其实很简单，关键是大家在学习雅思口语的时候要做个有心人，这样就能使自己的答案区别于大多数考生了，希望大家都能取得自己理想的成绩。