雅思考试主要是通过对考生听、说、读、写四个方面英语能力的考核,综合测评考生的英语沟通运用能力,实现“沟通为本”的考试理念。对于雅思考生来说,也有很多考试难点和政策盲区需要帮助解答。今天雅思无忧网小编准备了雅思口语真题观点 什么样的表现雅思口语考官会给高分,希望通过文章来解决雅思考生这方面的疑难问题,敬请关注。
A. 备考的早期,利用剑桥雅思真题系列做单项题型的训练
剑桥系列真题并非外界误以为的那样按照出版的顺序难度依次递增,也就是很多学生误解剑桥4最简单,剑桥12最难的原因。出版顺序完全是根据时间,换言之剑桥12的题目和文章来源距离现在更近。早期,如果按照单项题型进行有针对性,有密度的真题练习,可以很好的巩固课堂所学内容。此时不宜做套题训练,因为在对整个雅思阅读题型体系不完全了解的情况下做套题,很可能混淆题型和相应的技巧,也会造成有限的真题资源的浪费。
单项题型练习时,须注意学会探究和总结,千万不可将目光局限于正确率。答案的正确与否虽然从一定程度上可以表明对知识点的掌握,但从错误中学习更有利于从本质上提高。每种题型的考点都不一样。比如summary(归纳摘要),更注重考查的是对空格上所填单词的预测判断,所以在练习后,更多的是总结常考的语法点,固定搭配。比如:剑桥5“Johnson's Dictionary”的summary题中一个空格:a number of___, who… 空格上填写的应是可数名词复数形式,而且表示人,在找寻答案时,我们会更关注-s/-es为结尾的词,且和人有关。再如:剑桥6“The Climate Change and The Inuit” summary题中第一空:engage in___这里考察的是一个固定搭配“engage in doing sth. “忙于从事某事。如果知道这个固定搭配,答案很快就会锁定在有动词ing形式的单词上。而Matching题中的细节配对题考查的主要是对近义词的熟练把握和对不同文体的文章结构的了解。比如剑桥4 “Obtaining Linguistic Data”中的一道细节配对,“how the informant can be helped to be less self-conscious”, 同义替换的意识可以总结出来,less是little的比较级,表示否定,去原文找表示否定含义的词;conscious的高频替换对象是aware,这样找答案时目标就更加明确了。所以,在做任何其他题型的时候都注意题目和原文的近义词累积会有助于细节配对题的做题效率。另外如果对说明文,议论文,实验报告类文章的结构非常熟悉,也有利于配对题预测答案所在段落,也就是说除了总结题型之外,总结文章的写作模式也很重要。是非无判断题,在做题后,需多多总结归类判断题的考点:比如在整个剑桥系列真题中常考察比较级,最高级,数字(时间)等。
但大家在做单项练习时,应适当留出一些完整的套题供后期使用。
B. 复习后期,做套题训练
在完全掌握了雅思阅读的各项题型技巧后,需要用套题来拉近和考试的联系。因为笔者发现,在单项题型练习时,很多学生的正确率很不错,但到了各项题型杂糅在一起,做套题训练时,水准就会有明显下降。这是因为a. 很多同学无法选择合理的做题顺序,导致易得分的题目没有时间做,难题花了大把的时间也并没有有助于正确率。经过套题练习,主要是能够快速反应不同的题型配备,用不同的先后做题顺序。b. 每项题型的技巧都不相同,是否有顺序原则也各异,快速的反应并在各种题型之间转换会给考生造成一谨虚定的困难,所以前期对各项题型技巧的完备掌握甚是重要。在做套题时一定要有时间的控制,每篇文章祥拍燃不超过20min,这样才更能模拟考试现贺孙场。
C. 剑桥系列某些热门话题,高频话题文章的精读
众所周知,剑桥雅思真题的文章和历年考过的话题在实际考试中会出现重复的可能性,即所谓旧文章,比如,2月18日的考试中出现的“New Ice Age”就和我们剑桥真题8的“The Little Ice Age”几乎一样。如果之前对该话题有所涉及或对文章做过精读,考试时自然对这篇的理解和做题驾轻就熟。精读文章的目的一来是了解话题的背景知识,再者可以累积话题的高频词汇,遇到同话题文章,生词问题迎刃而解。比如剑桥4的第一篇关于“rainforest”的文章和剑桥7“deforestation”一文在结构(平行结构)和高频词上就有很多雷同之处。此外,从根本上提高阅读能力的途径是精读文章,只有这样才能锻炼处理长难句的能力。当然,不是每篇文章都有精读的价值,比如剑桥5上“Bakelite”一文话题过于专业,和其他话题的文章融合度小,就无需精读。一些在机经中常出现的话题则是我们选取精读文章的标准,比如环境类,教育类,文化类。
D. 剑桥系列真题的文章也是口语、写作的观点来源
口语,写作考试中常常出现考生对话题不熟或紧张无法给出好观点的情况,这时候,阅读真题中的一些好文章正好成为了观点供应商。比如:剑桥5的“The impact of Wilderness Touri*”就是一篇很好的环境类文章的参照。
E . 对听说读写四个部分内容做总结,将相关部分常出现的学术性词汇和每篇文章的主题词汇汇总。 由于听说读写四个部分对单词的要求不一样,因此建议大家将相关的高频词汇做汇总,进行分类记忆!做完题目后,一定要认真仔细核对答案。当然,在对答案的时候,不是说简单地核对正误,而是要将相应的答案依据在文章中找出来。对于做错的问题,更是要找出原因,分析出错的原因并加以改进。
F. 真题中的考官范文的使用: 我们就以一篇考官范文为例,带你深度剖析,雅思作文的高分之道。
选自剑桥雅思真题集 C8 - T1
Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society.Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
首先进入到文章的开头段:
A child’s education has never been about learning information and basic skills only.(1) It has always included teaching the next generation how to be good members of society.(2)Therefore, this cannot be the responsibility of the parents alone. (3)
我们可以看到,本段虽然无生词:但文章中第一句话用“never”及“only”, 最后一句用“not”及“alone”, 考官都运用了双重否定表肯定, 从而增强句子语气。
同时第二句中的 the next generation 也符合less common vocabulary。 增加了词语表达的丰富性。
接下来我们进入到文章的主体段1:
In order to be a good member of any society the individual must respect and obey the rules of their community and share their values.(1) Educating children to understand the need to obey rules and respect others always begins in the home and is widely thought to be the responsibility of parents.(2) They will certainly be the first to help children learn what is important in life, how they are expected to behave and what role they will play in their world. (3)
首先来看句1和句2, 运用了特殊开头词的写作形式:“in order to ”(介词短语放句首)及“Educating”(动名词放句首)。
大部分童鞋写句子时, 名词代词放句首的偏多, 特殊开头词引出句子的方法,可以尝试 ~
再来看句子中的 respect and obey 这组, 及what...how... and what 这组, 两组都属于平行结构, 一组是短语平行, 一组是从句平行。 三个从句写出来, 不仅句子长度拉长, 同时还展示了书写从句能力!
最后来看句子2的谓语, 共有两个, 分别为begin 及 be widely thought , 一主动一被动, 这又何尝不是增加句子灵活度的方式?
然后是文章的主体段2:
However, learning to understand and share the value system of a whole society cannot be achieved just in the home.(1) Once a child goes to school, they are entering a wider communitywhere teachers and peers will have just as much influence as their parents do at home. (2)At school, children will experience working and living with people from a whole variety of backgrounds from the wider society. (3)This experience should teach them how to co-operate with each other and how to contribute to the life of their community. (4)
句1, 一方面双重否定表肯定了 not 及just用法,同时还起到了承上启下的作用,起到对学校教育的论述。
句2, once及where引导两个从句做嵌套, 句子虽长, 但论述逻辑清晰。 段落的句尾再次出现平行结构, 也是为了和上段做呼应。
But to be a valuable member of any community is not like learning a simple skill. It is something that an individual goes on learning throughout life and it is the responsibility of every member of a society to take responsibility for helping the younger generation to become active and ablemembers of that society.
最后的结尾段, 往往要给出观点及看法, 这里我们看到考官在给观点时用到了这样一个短语“active and able”。大部分人看到后没有任何感觉, 但他实际用的是押头韵的用法。
和其相似的还有, Beauty and the Beast, League of Legend 以及 Pride and Prejudice等等。只要留心, 这种在电影及杂志上的材料,不妨细心积累,放入你的作文库中。
这就是C8T1的范文, 对大部分人来说, 这篇材料是没有生词的。 但考官就是用了双重否定表肯定、特殊开头词、平行结构及押头韵等等表达了多样的句式!
所以我们看出, 真正好的作文不是生词长句, 像考官材料一样,用简单词表达多样的句式,也同样能帮你拿到作文高分哦!
在 雅思 写作考试中,很多考生使用过多的口语化表达词句,其实这对我们的 作文 来说并不友好,要知道中方和西方的 思维方式 是不同的。那么雅思写作如何避免口语化表达呢?接下来我为大家分享一些 方法 ,希望能帮助大家克服这方面的问题。
雅思写作怎么避免口语化表达
一,请避免人的主语
口语中我们很习惯用“某个人做某件事”来构成基本句式,以至于 议论文 中有的考生依然写的是这样的 句子 :
More and more young students go abroad because they want to get better education and find a better job in the future. I think that they may have problems in study and also in life.
上例中第一句的主句和状语从句中都是以某个人开始的,第二句中主句和 宾语从句 也是以人做主语。虽然说这两个句子的WPS(每句中的词汇数)都超过10个,应该说不能算是写的特别初级的 简单句 ,如果句法和词汇没有问题还是很有希望达到6分的。但如果全篇都是这样的句式,整个 文章 就显得幼稚,类似于 记叙文 写作,绝对突破不了7分。
其实改法很简单:我们只要避免从“某个人”开始句子就可以了,也就是说用比较客观的就事论事的态度。如:避免“学生 出国 ”,只写“出国”;避免“他们想要…”,只写“想要…”。这样,上面的句子就可以写成:go abroad to get better education and find a better job in the future,不但很客观,而且把原来的主句和从句两部分精简处理成了一个动词 短语 。既可以做谓语动词加上原来的一个主语构成句子,也可以用 不定式 、动名词和 分词 处理为 非谓语动词 做主语、宾语或者状语,还可以以从句的形式处理。至于原来第一句中的主语young students可以用 介词短语 的形式插入不定式或者动名词短语中,而下面的句子里的评价部分的内容提上来做主句的谓语,组成一个新的句式。
另外,第二例句中的“have”,一般情况下主语都是某个人,而在写作中多为“ there be ”句型所代替,更加客观。所以上面的两个例句就可以合并成一句:
There may be problems in study and also in life for young students to go abroad in order to get better education and find a better job in the future.
这样合并不但客观而且精炼,每个单位句子所表达的内容自然就扩大,词汇密度也相应地增多,自然容易得高分,如果加上个别单词或短语的替换,就可以达到7分。但切记不可机械照搬 范文 中的长句,从雅思中国网的学员反馈情况看判为模板的文章最低分数降至4.5.
更进一步说,“have”和“there be”句型都可以简化成更简单的介词“with”结构,如以下所示:
On the table is a box. There is a cover beside it.
这两个小句子是小作文的 流程图 中经常要用到的具体描写事物的句型,凡是描写具有某种属性或者带有某种外部特征都可以用”with”结构表达,所以上述两句可以合并成:On the table is a box with a cover beside it.
除了一般的“某个人做某件事情”和“…have…”句型,常见的人化主语的句型还有很受考生偏爱的几个 情态动词 ,如can, may, should等。一般建议前两个改成It is likely /possible to do/ that….;后一个改成It is necessary/ imperative/ highly expected/ suggested that sth. be done.的句式,请看下面的例示:
We can go anywhere we like with our bicycle. →It is possible for us to go anywhere we like with our bicycle.
To curb global warming, our government should promulgate new laws to govern the felling of trees.→To curb global warming, it is imperative that our government promulgate new laws to govern the felling of trees.
归纳起来说,议论文中我们要积极避免“某个人”做主语,尽量用不定式、动名词或者一个从句做主语,谓语动词用评价性的动词充当,这样就可以由记叙文性质的“过程性句式”顺利转化成更符合议论文文风的客观评价性的句式。
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二,多使用被动句式
在比较正式的新闻、商务、法律等英语(论坛)文体中,被动句式因为其更突出客观性的宾语或者事实被广为使用。雅思的图表分析和议论文都是比较正式的文体,所以我们也应该注意多用被动句式。尤其是在以下两个方面:
1.主语不确定
Someone murdered the millionaire last night.→The millionaire was murdered last night.
2. 主语是泛指很多人或者大部分人
To improve the air quality, we should reduce the use of private cars. →To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.
Most people think that we can get a large share of benefit in the sales campaign.→It is widely believed that we can get a large share of benefit in the sales campaign.
被动句的用法不仅体现在主句中,在从句、非谓语动词短语中都有可能用到,如:
It is important for nations all over the world to join hands to control the software piracy. →It is important for nations all over the world to join hands to have the software piracy controlled.
I don’t expect that she returned. → She is not expected to have returned.
I am not sure whether the college graduates will find jobs in the financially difficult year. →I am not sure whether the college graduates will get employed in the financially difficult year.
但是因为汉语中本来是没有被动句式的,所以受汉化思维的影响很多考生不会想到这一点。这就要求我们对此要引起足够的重视,并且在平时多加练习以培养对其敏感度。
三,注意名词化句式表达
写作中把原本用动词或者形容词表达的地方换成名词叫做名词化(nominalization)。名词化是为了避免太多动词造成的句法处理上的困难,同时也可以把某些陈述型的句式转化成更客观的评价句,更符合议论文的文体要求。如:
Our monitor didn’t come today. He has got a flu.
很明显这两个小句可以用 因果关系 的信号词连成一句:Because our monitor has a flu, he didn’t come today.,但这个because引导的 原因状语从句 以及 其它 的状语从句是考生们很常用的 复合句 ,虽然看似比较复杂,其实仍然是某个人做主语。如果非谓语动词掌握得好,可能我们会想到用Having a flu, our monitor didn’t come today.如果我们把前后两部分分别用一个概括性的名词来替代,中间加上我们熟悉的表示因果关系的动词,这个句子就非常符合议论文的风格:The flu caused the absence of our monitor today.或者The absence of our monitor is because of his illness.至少我们可以尽量将其中的一个小句变成名词,减少某个人做主语的口语化句式的出现频率。
虽然这种表达方法更为客观,句式上更加简洁,但是用比较抽象的概括性词汇来写句子对于越来越趋于低龄化的考生来说的确是个挑战。但是有一些单词是我们在写作中几乎必须要用到的,平时要备好以下几个常见的名词化:lack of(if there is no…), ignorance of (don’t know …), illiteracy in(can’t read…/ can’t use…), failure (didn’t do…)等。而且在具体的使用过程中可以结合介词with使用,使得句法更加凝练。此外个别单词也可以利用题目中的动词的名词性后缀如: -tion,-ment, -isation, -ness, -ity等或者变成动名词形式-ing。如:
More younger generations celebrate the western festivals→the celebration of the western festivals by more younger generations
四,避免其他口语化表达
如more and more/ a lot等口语化的短语尽量避免,可以用increasing(ly), a large number of…/a great deal of…./swarms of…等代替。此外缩略形式也是正式的写作中要避免的。
雅思写作真题荟萃1
Some young children spend a great amount of their time practicing sports. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Use specific reasons
It is sometimes said that borrowing money from a friend can harm or damage the friendship. Do you agree? Why or why not? Use reasons and examples in your answer.
Every generation of people is different in important ways. How is your generation different from your parents’generation? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.
Some people pay money for the things they want or need. Other people trade products or goods for what they need. Compare the advantages of these two ways of obtaining things. Which way do you prefer? Explain why.
Imagine that you have received some land to use as you wish. How would you use this land? Use specific details to explain your answer.
Some people like doing work by hand. Others prefer using machines. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
You want to persuade someone to study your native language.What reasons would you give?Support your answer with specific details.
You have been asked to suggest improvements to a park that you have visited. This might be a city park.a regional park,or a national park.What improvements would you make?Why?Use specific reasons and examples to support your recommendations.
雅思写作真题荟萃2
辨证客观思维题:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People should read only those books that are about real events,real people, and established facts.Use specific reasons and details to support your opinion.
熟知问题:Films can tell us a lot about the country in which they were made. What have you learned about a country from watching its movies?Use specific examples and details to support your response.
学校 教育 问题:Some people say that phyical exercise should be a required part of every school day.Other people believe that students should spend the whole day on academic studies.Which opinion do you agree with?Give reasons to support your answer.
常见选择性题:Some people prefer to spend most of their time alone.Others like to be with friends most of the time.Do you prefer to spend your time alone or with friends?Give reasons to support your answer.
西方关注变化题:If you could invent something new.what product would you develop?Use specific details to explain why this invention in needed.
常见比较题:It has been said."Not everything that is learned is contained in books."Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books.In your opinion,which source is more important?why?9、6辨证客观性思维题:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Playing a game is fun only when you win. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
G类学生问为何不分开了,其实TASK2是一样的常见的比较性题目
Because of developments in communication and transportation,countries are becoming more and more alike.How is your country becoming more similar to other places in the world?Use specific examples and details support your answer.
西方人关注的“变化”题If you could change one important thing about your hometown, what would you change? Use reasons and specific example to support your answer.
关于学校和教育的话题--People attend colleges or universities for many different reasons(for example,new experiences,career preparation, increased knowledge).why do you think people attend colleges?Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
熟知问题篇--In general. people are living longer now.Discuss the causes of this phenomenon. Use specific reasons and detail to develop your essay.
雅思写作真题荟萃3
A类:Over past 50 years, young people gain status and power but old people have lost. What is the cause and is it a good development or bad development?
G类:Task 1:You and your family are living in a rented accommodation in an English-speaking country,You are not satisfied because there are something wrong with the furniture. So write a letter to the landlord andask how to resole the problem.
Task 2:Young people are exposed to a great amount of information such as film, book, Internet.In what ways they give bad influence on young people and explain the reason, how to reduce the bad influence with examples.
A类:Strong tradition对一个nation有civilize的作用do you think government should subsidizes the musicians, artists, actors or drama companies, do u agree or disagree, what should government do?
G类:People doing different kinds of work enjoy different amount of holiday time. Should people have the same amount of leisure time? Give your opinion using some of your own experience.
A类:Some people believe that a country should have the moral obligation to help the other country and some of the people think that exist the misspending of the government and the aid money can not be got by the poor. What is your opinion?
G类:Some people think that children’s lives will be different from their own. Whit is your opinion? Explain the reasons by your experience and examples.
A类:Some people think that machine translation is highly developed in today’s society, therefore it is not necessary for children to learn a foreign language. What’s your opinion?
G类:Today some person has to work away from his family, what is the advantages and disadvantages? Give your opinion and some explains of your experience.
A类:Someone say the age of book is past, the info will be presented by some multimedia tools such as video, computer, television and film , others think the book and the written words will be necessary for spread info & complete education. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
G类:The culture of different countries are becoming similar so there is no pint for people to go traveling abroad for they could have same experience at home agree or disagree.
A类:有些人把动物当作宠物有些人则当作食物和衣服的资源你觉的呢请从以上两个方面讨论并写出自己的观点
G类:居住在城市里的和居住在农村里的人的性格有什么影响举例说明Your character is strongly influenced by the placeswheresyou grew up.–In what ways can growing up in a city or growing up in the countryside influenced people’s character? Give you relative experiences.
A类:现在很多国家的学校都分男校和女校谈一下它的优缺点
G类:有人认为National Costumes有助于保持传统故认为人们要每天穿着National Costumes. Agree? Explain. In many countries, people don’t wear their national costume. Many people think it will forget their history and tradition. So, people should be encouraged to wear national costume every day. You agree or disagree. (This is argument topic, u should support one or another)
A类:More and more women go out to work. It is responsibility of government to provide staff and facilities for children of working mother, free of charge. To what extent do you agree or disagree.
G类:现在的食物和cooking都在改变请说明传统食物改变原因和看法结合所在地方的情况举例子
A类:现在很多国家的学校存在很严重的问题是由于学生的态度引起的这些问题是怎样形成的你有什么建议来改变这种情况In many countries schools have several problems of students behavior, Please give some cause of it and some suggest.
G类:一些人认为母亲不能同时出去工作和成为一个好母亲所以*应该付给母亲工资让她们好好在家带孩子你的观点用你的例子和你的 经验 说明
A类:英国和国际旅游业的流行会不会导致小语种和小民族的伤害The spread of English and development of the international touri* have some negative effects to the country’s language andculture development? What extent do you agree or disagree?
G类:有人喜欢从事高风险运动如登山等人们说不值得让救援人员冒生命危险去救他们应对生命负责对吗说自己的观点举例
A类:体育专业是否应该拿钱比其它重要的专业多,两方面讨论,还要举例子Successful sports professionals earn a great deal much more than people in other important professions describe two views and your opinion.
G类:关于VIOLIANTFILMS你有什么看法对人有什么影响根据你的经验 说说 ?
A类:写某篇研究报道发现NOUNG WOMEN的犯罪率在升高,请给出一些POSSIBLE的理由和办法The rate of young women crimes is rising in the current society. What are the causes and how to solve it?
G类:Parent should limit children time of watching TV and playing computer game, others Insister children spend reading books, agree or disagree?
A类:Traveling abroad work for period of months or years, advandges or disadvandges to people and country
G类:Do you think poeple do different jobs they should have different time holidayare you agree or disagree , give your reason an explain.
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