雅思阅读从句练习 雅思阅读高分必备：名词性从句（下）

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雅思阅读高分必备：名词性从句（下）

同位语从句

在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句(appositive clause)。同位语从句的形式与定语从句相似。两者之前都有先行词，但是与先行词的关系不同：同位语从句与先行词同位或者等同，定语从句则与先行词是修饰关系。同位语从句的先行词多为 news, fact, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark 等，关联词多用连词 that 。如：

★ The assumption that robots will make humans redundant and replaceable is groundless.

认为机器人将令人类变得多余和可取代的假设是站不住脚的。

★ We should not lose sight of the fact that significantly fewer women apply for senior positions in comparison with men.

我们不应该忽略这一事实和男性相比更少的女性申请上级职位。

关联词that在非正式文体中可以被省去 。 如：

★ He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the London plane.

他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往伦敦的飞机了。(同位语从句he was boarding…省去了关联词that)

同位语从句偶尔用关联词whether引导。 如：

★ He was tortured by the doubt whether or not he should venture to go south.

他为他是否可以冒险去南方这种疑虑所折磨。

疑问代词who, which, what和疑问副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句 。如：

★ The question who should be responsible for this requires consideration.

谁该为此负责，这个问题需要考虑。

★ We should settle the question where we should dispose of the waste immediately.

我们需要马上解决在哪里处理那些垃圾的问题。

★ It is a question how it has been achieved.

那是一个它如何被实现了的问题。

同位语从句一般紧跟在其先行词之后，但有时也可以与先行词分开，置于句末 。如：

★ The suggestion came from the public that the new policy should be implemented.

实施新政策的建议是公众提出来的。

在雅思阅读考试的文章中，这些名词性从句是和其他从句，如状语从句和定语从句等结合使用的，下面专家给考生们介绍一下在雅思阅读文章中这些名词性从句的使用。

1. The problem of how health-care resources should e allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way is not a new one.

分析：“how health-care resources should e allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way”为句子中介词of的宾语。而“so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way”为介词宾语中so that引导的目的状语从句。

2. Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national health systems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle.

分析：“that in the national health systems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle”为that引导的主语从句，“it now seems”中的it为形式主语;“that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War”为that引导的定语从句，其先行词为the national health systems;“that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle”为that引导的主语从句，it为形式主语。

3. However, at exactly the same time as this new realization of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in, an awareness of a contrary kind was developing in Western societies: that people have a basic right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life.

分析：“as this new realization of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in”为as引导的定语从句，其先行词为the same time;“that people have a basic right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life”为that引导的同位语从句，其先行词为an awareness of a contrary kind.

4. Although the language of ‘right’ sometimes leads to confusion, by the late 1970s it was recognized in most societies that people have a right to health-care (though there has been considerable resistance in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care).

分析：“Although the language of ‘right’ sometimes leads to confusion”为although引导的让步状语从句;“that people have a right to health-care”为that引导的主语从句，it为形式主语;“though there has been considerable resistance in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care”为though引导的让步状语从句;“that there is a formal right to health-care”为that引导的同位语从句，其先行词为the idea。

5. It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse.

分析：“that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse.”为that引导的主语从句，It为其形式主语;“that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse”为that引导的宾语从句，作ensure的宾语。

6. One would assume that the caliber of these institutions would have been carefully examined, but it appears that the criterion for inclusion on this select list might merely be that the zoo is a member of a zoo federation or association.

分析：“that the caliber of these institutions would have been carefully examined”为that引导的宾语从句，作assume的宾语;“that the criterion for inclusion on this select list might merely be that the zoo is a member of a zoo federation or association”为that引导的主语从句，it为其形式主语;“that the zoo is a member of a zoo federation or association”为that引导的表语从句，作be的表语。

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雅思阅读定语从句如何做

您好，我是专注留学考试规划和留学咨询的小钟老师。在追寻留学梦想的路上，选择合适的学校和专业，准备相关考试，都可能让人感到迷茫和困扰。作为一名有经验的留学顾问，我在此为您提供全方位的专业咨询和指导。欢迎随时提问！
对于雅思阅读来说，定语从句是同学们认为都非常难的，那么下面就和小钟老师来看看雅思阅读定语从句如何做？

1. 非限定性定语从句的翻译方法
在非限定性定语从句中，中心词本身意义是明确的，修饰中心词的定语从句起补充说明的作用。所以在翻译时，将非限定性定语从句与之前的主句译为并列结构即可，即先翻译主句，再翻译非限定性定语从句。
例：This all amounts to heightened activity and noise levels， which have the potential to be particularly serious for children experiencing auditory function deficit. （J9T2P1P2）
讲解：
由于have是复数形式，所以which指代前文的heightened activity and noise levels。
可译为：这一切增加了活动量与噪音级别，这对患有听觉功能障碍的孩子有潜在的严重影响。
但是‘这’在中文中指代抽象，所以虽然句子成分分析准确，但是仍然不能理解句子和含义。修改如下：
这一切增加了活动量与噪音级别，增加了的活动量和噪音量对患有听觉功能障碍的孩子有潜在的严重影响。
2. 较短的限定性定语从句
在多数限定性定语从句中，中心词本身的意义不够明确的，需要定语从句修饰后才能确定准确含义。因此在翻译一般的限定性定语从句时，将定语从句像一般的定语一样翻译到中心词之前就可以了。注意，适用于这种翻译方法的定语从句长度一般较短。
例：In addition to the reptiles， birds， mammals and insects which we see all around us， other groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions， snails， crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs， millipedes and centipedes， spiders and various worms. （J9T1P3P1）
可译为：除了在我们身边看到的爬行类、鸟类、哺乳类和昆虫外，其他成功从海水中出来的种群还有蝎子，蜗牛，甲壳纲动物（木虱、陆生螃蟹、千足虫和蜈蚣）、蜘蛛和各种蠕虫。
3. 较长的限定性定语从句
那么对于不包括在上述范围内的较长的限定性定语从句，我们在翻译和理解的时候，可以像翻译非限定性定语从句那样，将其后置；如果像较短的限定性定语从句那样置于中心词之前翻译，可能会因为修饰成分过长打断翻译思路，影响对句子的整体理解。
例：Quite apart from the impracticality of sending a reply over such large distances at short notice， it raises a host of ethical questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent. （J9T1P2P5）
可译为：除了立刻进行如此长距离的答复不可行之外，人们还提出了一系列道德问题，这些问题将必须等国际社会达成共识来解决。

希望以上的答复能对您的留学申请有所帮助。如果您有任何更详细的问题或需要进一步的协助，我强烈推荐您访问我们的留学官方网站 ，在那里您可以找到更多专业的留学考试规划和留学资料以及*的咨询服务。祝您留学申请顺利！

定语从句在雅思阅读里的重要性

对于定语从句，很少有同学意识到他们在雅思阅读里的重要性，那么下面就和的我一起来看看定语从句在雅思阅读里的重要性。

第一个例子出自于剑桥雅思真题8（简称“剑8”）P52第39题： The sense of *ell may involve response to……which do not *ell， in addition to obvious odours.（题目要求答案只写一个单词）这个题目按照关键词和顺序原则可以定位到文中E段的第三句话： Researchers have still to decide whether *ell is one sense or two—one responding to odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air.

有的学生可能会对于题目和文中的个别单词表示困惑或者整句话不知道怎么翻译，于是答案迟迟不敢写。但是当我们再分析一下题目，就会发现39题所填单词实际上是由一个定语从句所修饰，所以根据语法知识，答案的词性就应该是名词。同时，从句中助动词do是原形，可以再次确定答案是可数名词的复数，通常以-s或-es结尾。

文中这句话中两个单词researchers和chemicals都是可数名词复数，于是当我们再缩小答案范围的时候，就会发现关系词which指物或者事情，而researchers意思是“研究者”，表示人，不能被which所修饰，所以答案只能是chemicals这个词了。

相似的例子还出现在剑11P20第6题：One form of vertical farming involves planting in……which are not fixed.

同样的道理，空格中的答案被which引导的定语从句所修饰，因此我们判断答案词性还是名词，而且还是物体的名词。从句中所用的be动词形式是are，所填的单词就是可数名词复数。

我们之前看到的两个例子都是定语从句出现在题目当中，而下一个题目就稍有不同。请看剑5P18的第6题：According to his biographer， James Boswell， Johnson’s principal achievement was to bring……to the English language. （题目要求：答案不超过两个单词）

我们先判断答案的词性是名词，然后根据顺序原则和关键词答案能定位到原文17页倒数第二段最后一句话：It is the cornerstone of Standard English， an achievement which， in James Boswell’s words， conferred stability on the language of his country.通过观察题目与原文句子的关系能找出答案范围，就在“conferred stability on the language”这几个词中，不过介于对conferred这个词的意思比较陌生，大多数同学误以为这个词可能是动词过去分词，在文中起修饰作用，于是就把答案写成了“conferred stability”，而且似乎还很符合字数限制中所要求的两个单词。

其实，如果我们再分析一下文中的句子，就会发现achievement后面被which引导的定语从句所修饰，再把插入成分“in James Boswell’s words”去掉后，从句就变成了“an achievement which conferred stability on the language of his country”。

根据语法知识，我们知道由that/who/whom/which引导定语从句的时候，从句部分是一定要缺少成分（缺少主语或者宾语），但是绝对不能缺少谓语动词，因此conferred在从句中的成分为谓语动词，时态是一般过去时，第6题答案只能是“stability”。

当然，除了填空题以外，定语从句还会出现在雅思阅读考试的其他题目，以及其他三个单项的考试当中。同学们学习完了语法的理论知识后，一定要在考试题目中运用出来。同样，如果在做练习的时候遇到不太熟悉的语法点，也要做及时的补充和积累。

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