对于雅思阅读比较关注的小伙伴们一定非常关心雅思阅读选择题练习 请问雅思阅读题型细节题怎么训练,今天雅思无忧小编为大家整理了以下内容,下面一起来看看吧。
做好雅思的阅读题除了掌握对的 方法 ,也离不开我们日常的辛勤练习,下面我给大家带来剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS及答案解析,一起加油吧!
剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS
A They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sport*en and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.
B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one — such as building muscle strength in golfers — to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. ‘We can’t waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don’t help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,’ says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.
C A lot of their work comes down to measurement — everything from the exact angle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It’s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D *ysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he *yses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason’s contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (Swimming Analysis) system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer’s performance into factors that can be *ysed individually — stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer.
D ‘Take a look,’ says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,’ says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better.’ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists’ research is bringing to a range of sports. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run. There’s more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes’ saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.
E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model’, based on what they expect will be the winning times.’ You design the model to make that time,’ says Mason.’ A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.’ All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world’s most successful sporting nation.
F Of course, there’s nothing to stop other countries copying — and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists’ and rowers’ times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent’, developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia’s success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.
剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS题目
Questions 1-7
Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports
2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations
3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity
4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced
5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated
6 an overview of the funded support of athletes
7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event
Questions 8-11
Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states they
A are currently exclusively used by Australians
B will be used in the future by Australians
C are currently used by both Australians and their rivals
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.
8 cameras
9 sensors
10 protein tests
11 altitude tents
Questions 12 and 13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.
12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?
13 By how much did some cyclists’ performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?
剑桥雅思阅读AUSTRALIA’S SPORTING SUCCESS答案
Question 1
答案:B
关键词:exchange of expertise, between different sports/collaborate, across a number of sports
定位原文:B段第2、3句“...and collaborates with… a number of sports …”
解题思路: 题干中讲到不同体育领域的专业知识交流正好跟原文中跨不同体育专家之间的合作相对应,理解意思即可容易找到正确答案。
Question 2
答案:C
关键词: visual imaging/3D, image
定位原文: C段第6句: “...shows off the prototype of a 3D *ysis …”
解题思路: 通过题干中的视频成像可以很容易找到原文中对应的3D和成像。
Question 3
答案:B
关键词: a reason for narrowing/ can’t waste time
定位原文: B段最后1句: “We can’t waste our time looking…”
解题思路: 题目中的research activity和原文中的scientific questions 属于同义表达,定位答题区域,发现此句话所要表达的意思是不在一些飘渺的、不切实际的科学问题上浪费时间,也就是说要缩小研究的范围。
Question 4
答案:F
关键词:AIS ideas reproduce/ copying
定位原文: F段第1句话 “Of course, there’s nothing…”
解题思路: 题干中的reproduce是复制的意思,之后从 文章 中发现 句子 有复制copying,即可以直接定位。
Question 5
答案:D
关键词:Obstacle, investigated/ impact, monitor
定位原文: D段第6句“... to monitor heart rate…”
解题思路: 题干提到理想成绩的障碍是如何被调查研究的,而读到对应句子之后看到正好是sensors(传感器)对于运动员跑步的impact(影响)进行研究的仪器,而且obstacles和impact对应。
Question 6
答案:A
关键词:Overview, funded support finance
定位原文: A段倒数第2句 “...finances programmes of excellence…”
解题思路: finances是解题关键,意思为资助,正好跟题干中funded support表达了相同的义项,直接对应。而且之后一句话提及以上项目所提供的服务和建议,可以确信答案。
Question 7
答案:E
关键词:Calculated before an event/ using data, well before a championship
定位原文: E段第1句、第2句 “Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, ...”
解题思路: 首先通过well before a championship和文章中before an event定位到E段, 之后发现后面提及的“竞争模型”作用就是计算时间和速率,因此内容对应上calculate,此时可断定答案的位置。
Question 8
答案:A
关键词: digital cameras
定位原文: C段倒数第3句: “..SWAN system now used in Australian national…”
解题思路: 前一句已经提到该系统已广泛应用于澳大利亚各项全国赛事之中,而没有提到其他国家,因此可以判断应该只有澳大利亚人在使用。
Question 9
答案:B
关键词:sensor
定位原文: D段第7句:“...With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro…”
解题思路: 找到相同对应词sensor,读其前后的句子,发现有 Melbourne,断定是澳大利亚人的发明。之后要特别留心动词develop运用现在进行时,表示正在开发;而且注意之后的定语从句采用了将来时,所以可以断定此发明还没有完成,应该属于将来的成果。因此选择B。
Question 10
答案: A
关键词:protein
定位原文: D段倒数第4句: “… AIS and the University of Newcastle…”
解题思路: 非常容易在前面第一句话中找到跟题目protein tests所对应的词语a test ...protein。之后细读前后句,发现后面一句话对于此项科技成果的受益者文章中只提到AIS运动员,即澳大利亚体育学院的运动员,隶属于澳大利亚,所以应该选择A。
Question 11
答案:C
关键词: altitude tent
定位原文: F段倒数第2句: “The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent ’…”
解题思路: 文章中很容易找到用引号括起来的题目中的名词 短语 ,因此只要细心读原句,就会发现开头的‘The same has happened...’同样的事情也发生在……根据 经验 应该顺着文章向上追溯,发现跟‘altitude tent’相同情况的是1996年奥运会上澳大利亚人受益的流线型散热运动服现在全世界都在用。因此 ‘altitude tent’也被世界各国应用。所以答案应该选择C。且根据此段话大意可以了解文章只提到两种研究成果被别国运用,即髙原帐蓬和流线型散热服。所以可以间接判断前三项成果是由澳大利人独享的。
Question 12
答案: (a)competition model
关键词: help an athlete plan, produced / prepare the athlete by, developing
定位原文: E段第1句“Using data…”
解题思路: Help an athlete plan their performance 对应上prepare the athlete by之后,要认真研究题目所问的是what is produced,断定所作答案必定要填一个名词。因此要细读原文发现有单词developing恰与produced相对应,中文意思是“开发”,则答案必定是开发之后的名词。
Question 13
答案: (by)2 percent/%
关键词: 19% Olympic Games, cyclists, improve
定位原文: F段第3句“At the Atlanta…”
解题思路: 分析问句是 ‘By how much... improve’,意思为“提高了多少”,可以判断出答案需要写一个数字。因此仔细阅读相关语句找到 sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists ‘and rowers’ time。很快就可以找到数字百分之二
。
1. 题型要求
这是一个传统题型,大家都很熟悉。但就是这种大家都熟悉的题型,ielts 考试也要弄出新花样。其它考试中,如四级、六级、toefl,只有四选一一种形式。ielts 考试的选择题分为四选一和多选多多两种。四选一,选项肯定是四个。即要求从a、b、c、d 四项中选择一个最符合题意的选项。多选多,选项肯定是五个或五个以上,而正确答案的数目肯定在两个以上。
哪个更难呢?很多同学会好不犹豫地说是多选多。实际上,多选多很容易,是一种简单题型。它具有以下几个特点:
(1)正确答案的数目是已知的。在题目的要求中会告诉你要选出几个选项。题目要求中常which four, which three等字样。
(2)答案在原文中是集中出现的,对应原文中的例举。找着一个答案,其余几个就在它的前后不远处。
我们举一个中文阅读的例子来说明。文章如下:
帕金森症是一种顽症。它是由大脑中缺乏一种叫多巴胺的化学物质引起的。(后面删减100 字)很多名人深受其苦。比如,我们的改革的总设计师、拳王阿里、以故数学家陈景润等等。(后面删减100 字)
题目是:以下哪三个人得过帕金森症?
a. *
b. 里根
c. 拳王阿里
d. 布什
e. 陈景润
答案:ace
四选一在考试中,一般比较难。它的特点是:四个选项,哪个都像。好像在原文中都提到了,但又都和原文的叙述不太一样。很容易选错。
选择题和问答题的区别在于:问答题要求你自己从原文中找答案。而选择题给你四个选项,让你选择,在给你提示的同时,也给了你一个陷阱。有些选择题,如果改为回答题,你可能能够做对,但给了你四个选项,反而选错了。
考试中,四选一,a 类和g 类一般都是每次必考,考一组,共3 题左右。多选多,不是每次必考。
2. 解题步骤
(1) 找出题干中的关键词,最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。
将题干中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落,着必将大大加快解题时间,并提高准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的。如果题目中的关键词难以确定答案的位置,选项中的关键词也可以作为定位的参考依据。
(2) 从头到尾快速阅读该段落,根据题干中的其他关键词及选项确定正确答案。正确选项常常是原文相关词句的改写。
确定一个段落后,答案在该段落中有的具*置是未知的。所以,需要从头到尾快速阅读该段落,确定正确答案。短问答的答案常常是原文原词,而选择题的答案常常是原文相关词句的改写。
(3) 有些题目比较简单,可以直接选择。对于难题,可以用排除法确定正确答案。
有些题目比较简单,从原文很快找到对应答案。这时可以直接选择不必看其它选项。这样既可以节省时间,同时也避免受干扰选项的误导。有些题目比较难,看每个选项都有点像,但又都不太象。这时,可以用排除法,先排除掉肯定不对的选项,然后在剩下的选项中再做出选择。通常,有两个选项必有好排除,另外两个有一定的难度。请参见本题型的注意事项部分,其中分析了干扰选项的特点。
(4)要注意顺序性,即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。
题目是有顺序性的。第一题的答案应在文章的前部,第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。这个规律也有助于同学们确定答案的位置。
notice
1.如果一个选项合乎题意,还要看其它选项中是否有both…and、all of the above 的字样。
我们举一个中文阅读的例子:
原文:如果你随便停车,要罚你款,还要把你的车拖走。
题目:如果你随便停车,将:
a. 被罚款
b. 你的车被拖走
c. 没事儿
d. both 被罚款and 你的车被拖走
答案:d
如果选项中有一个是all of the above,它是正确选项的可能性很大。both…and 是正确选项比all of the above 小一些。总之,如果一个选项合乎题意,不要马上选。看一眼其余选项中是否有both…and, all of the above 的字样。
2. 注意题干中是否有not, except 的字样。
题干中有这些词时,通常是将它们大写并使用黑体,特别醒目。如果不注意看,必然答错题。
如前面的关于帕金森症的中文阅读文章,可能出一道四选一的题目:
题目:下面的人得过帕金森症except
a. *
b. 里根
c. 拳王阿里
d. 陈景润
答案:b
3. 干扰选项的特点
做选择题的过程就是与干扰选项做斗争的过程。清楚干扰选项的特点,就能做到百战百胜。干扰选项特征如下:
a.无选项中所讲的内容在原文中根本不存在,或找不到语言依据。要注意,答题的唯一依据是原文,不能凭借自己的知识或主观想象。
b.反与原文相矛盾的选项。这时要注意题干或原文中是否有not、execpt 等词,也要注意反义词。
c.满含有“绝对意义”的词汇如must、always、all、will 的选项,一般为错误选项。选项中含有“相对意义”的词汇如can、may、sometimes、some ot always,一般为正确答案。也就是说,越是模棱两可、含含糊糊,越可能是正确答案,因为它适用的范围更广。这条规律的适用性很强,实践证明它的准确率在90%以上。
d.偏似是而非,与原句部分相似的选项。这是不太容易排除的。
e.混张冠李戴,有时题干是主语,选项是谓语,要留心题干的主语和选项的谓语构成的主谓结构是否张冠李戴。这种干扰项规律也比较明显,常常是这样的:
原文:甲事物的特征是x。乙事物的特征是y。
题干是甲事物,选项中肯定有特征y,但肯定没有特征x。为什么呢?特征y 就是让你选的干扰项,如果选项中有特征x,你肯定会选它,就不会选错了。也就是出题者为了这个精心布置的陷阱成功,他会舍弃特征x,而在文章的其它地方谈到甲事物的时候,出现一个正确答案。
例1
原文:*all parties are often based on one major current issue.green party, which is a *all party, is concerned with environmental issues.
题目:*all parties
其中选项c:are concerned with environmental issues 就是一个很容易误选的选项。注意,选项中肯定没有are often based on one major current issue。原因前面已经讲过了。
4. 正确选项应是原文的改写,与原文特别一致的选项应引起怀疑。
正确选项应是原文相关词句的改写,所以与原文特别一致的选项是正确选项的可能性不大。
以上的雅思阅读选择题的解题方法和技巧讲解还是十分全面和详细的,希望大家能有所受用,新东方网雅思频道祝大家考试愉快!
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