贺州雅思阅读真题及解析（请问2023年剑桥雅思阅读真题解析：Thomas Young）

贺州雅思阅读真题及解析（请问2023年剑桥雅思阅读真题解析：Thomas Young）很多朋友对这方面很关心，雅思无忧整理了相关文章，供大家参考，一起来看一下吧！

本文目录一览：

• 1、贺州雅思阅读真题及解析
• 2、请问2023年剑桥雅思阅读真题解析：Thomas Young
• 3、2020年8月1日雅思阅读考试真题答案

贺州雅思阅读真题及解析

大多数考生都知道备考雅思需要充分利用真题，一来备考更有针对性，二来可以熟悉题型和出题思路。对于雅思阅读备考也是一样，真题就是首选素材。但是又有考生说我把真题都做了好几遍了，怎么感觉没有提升?其实这就涉及到一个真题利用方法的问题，做真题就要把真题做透了，才能有所收获。下面是整理的贺州雅思阅读真题及解析，欢迎参考。

雅思阅读真题附答案题型：

人名观点配对

他在寻找古老的湖泊，这名Mungo女子是被火葬的A

持怀疑态度的教授对一些化石的DNA进行了可靠的分析E

教授测定的人的年龄要比62000年前年轻的多的结果A

确定Mungo人的年龄，争议了澳大利亚人的起源B

在澳洲，研究小组谁先恢复生物的证据，发现尼安德特人C

年代的支持者认为澳大利亚巨型动物的灭绝是由于古代人类狩猎造成的D

多区域的解释已经被提出，而不是坚持认为单一的起源B

史前人类活动导致气候变化而不是巨型动物的灭绝A

判断题

Mungo湖仍然为考古学家提供了图解说明人类活动的证据True

在Mungo湖发现Mungo使用的武器Not given

Mungo人是在复杂的文化世界上已知最古老的考古证据之一，如埋葬仪式True

Mungo男人和女人的骨架是被发现在同一年False

澳大利亚教授使用古老的研究方法对“走出非洲”支持者的批判Not given

Now let's look at some of the facts aboutbutterflies that make butterfly watching more fun:

三.分总段落 。这种段落把主题句放在了最后。如《剑桥大学老样题》P2Q12中心句为最后一句This is a purely person-skills match approach to selection。这是个下定义句型，一般下定义的句型(A is B， A is defined as….，A is called…， The definition of A is ….)我们可以看之为中心句，这种方法在剑2T1P2B段和E段都有体现。这种段落结构而后上面的两种不一样，这种结构的出现并不多。

雅思阅读历年真题长难句分析

But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.—2021—阅读第一篇

解析：(But the market generates interest far beyond its size)--主句 (because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way)--原因状语从句 (matched by few other industries)--后置定语.

翻译：这个市场所获得的利益之所以远超本身的范围主要是因为这个市场将巨大的财富、超强的自尊自负、贪婪和*，还有各种争议通通汇聚在一 起，令其它行业相形见绌。

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. 2021—阅读第一篇

解析： (The current downturn in the art market is the worst)--主句 (since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989)--时间状语从句.

翻译：当前低迷的艺术品市场是自1989年底日本人停止购*印象派作品以来最糟糕的一次。

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. 2021—阅读第一篇

解析：(What makes this slump different from the last)--主语从句, (he says)--插入语, is (that there are still buyers in the market)--表语从句.

翻译：他指出：与对上一次大萧条不一样的是现在市场上还有*家。

Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. 2021—阅读第一篇

解析：(Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report—修饰主语的定语从句)--主语 said (that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell)--宾语从句.

翻译：几乎每个接受这个特别报道访问的人都说现在这个时期最大的问题在于不是没有需求而是没有好的作品去*。

But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return. 2021—阅读第一篇

解析：(But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away—定语从句修饰主语)--主句,(waiting for confidence to return)--doing做状语.

翻译：但那些不一定非得*东西的人就一直远离市场，等待信心的回归。

雅思阅读文章全部选自英美主流报刊杂志。所以考生在考试中会经常遇到一些时髦话题的文章，像BSE(疯牛病)、911事件、安然公司破产案这样的内容在考试中都出现过。所以大家平时最好能够经常关心时事，积累一些必要的背景知识，这对于考试而言，大有裨益。

雅思阅读真题中最常见的50个短语

1. abide by(=be faithful to; obey)忠于;遵守。

2. be absent from... 缺席，不在

3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉

4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引……的注意力

(被动语态)：be absorbed in 全神贯注于……近：be engrossed in; be lost in; be rapt in; be concentrated on; be focused on; be centered on

5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，富有

6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近，进入，了解

7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地，意外。

Without accident(=safely) 安全地

8. of one's own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地，主动地

9. in accord with 与……一致. out of one's accord with 同……不一致

10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地

11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照，根据

12. on one's own account

1) 为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益

2)(=at one's own risk) 自行负责

3)(=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账;on account of 因为;on no account不论什么原因也不;of...account 有……重要性。

13. take...into account(=consider)把……考虑进去

14. give *. an account of 说明，解释 (理由)

15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释，说明。

16. on account of (=because of) 由于，因为。

17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要，无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)

18. accuse...of...(=charge...with; blame *. for sth.; blame sth. on *.; complain about) 指控，控告

19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于。

20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉

请问2023年剑桥雅思阅读真题解析：Thomas Young

您好，我是专注留学考试规划和留学咨询的小钟老师。选择留学是人生重要的决策之一，而作为您的指导，我非常高兴能为您提供最准确的留学解答和规划。无论您的问题是关于考试准备、专业选择、申请流程还是学校信息，我都在这里为您解答。更多留学资讯和学校招生介绍，欢迎随时访问。
对于雅思考生来说，剑桥雅思阅读题难不难？下面就和小钟老师一起来看看2023年剑桥雅思阅读真题解析：Thomas Young。

Thomas Young
The Last True Know-It-All
A Thomas Young （1773-1829） contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica， including 46 biographical entries （mostly on scientists and classicists） and substantial essays on ＂Bridge，” ＂Chromatics，＂ ＂Egypt，＂ ＂Languages＂ and ＂Tides＂. Was someone who could write authoritatively about so many subjects a polymath， a genius or a dilettante？ In an ambitious new biography， Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaph ＂the last man who knew everything.＂ Young has competition， however： The phrase， which Robinson takes for his title， also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies： Leonard Warren＇s 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy （1823-1891） and Paula Findlen＇s 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher （1602-1680）， another polymath.
B Young， of course， did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper， Young explained the process of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved by changes in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled in waves and he believed that， to account for the ability to see in color， there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three ＂principal colors＂ to which the retina could respond： red， green， violet. All these hypothesis were subsequently proved to be correct.
C Later in his life， when he was in his forties， Young was instrumental in cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone， a tablet that was ＂found＂ in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stone contains text in three alphabets： Greek， something unrecognizable and Egyptian hieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and， as Young deduced， is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry， he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who， unlike many remarkable children， did not disappear into oblivion as an *.
D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England， Young lived from an early age with his maternal grandfather， eventually leaving to attend boarding school. He haddevoured books from the age of two， and through his own initiative he excelled at Latin， Greek， mathematics and natural philosophy. After leaving school， he was greatly encouraged by his mother＇s uncle， Richard Brockle*y， a physician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brockle*y＇s lead， Young decided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London， following the medical circuit， and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh， Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training at the University of Cambridge in 1808， Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later was appointed physician at St. George＇s Hospital.
E Young＇s skill as a physician， however， did not equal his skill as a scholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier， in 1801， he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution， where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in two volumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society， a post he would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and national matters， such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to and inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and 1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica， and throughout his career he authored numerous books， essays and papers.
F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect， but daunting. Few men contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson＇s aim is to introduce non-scientists to Young＇s work and life. He succeeds， providing clear expositions of the technical material （especially that on optics and Egyptian hieroglyphs）. Some readers of this book will， like Robinson， find Young＇s accomplishments impressive； others will see him as some historians have - as a dilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book， readers will not end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young， doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society， attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition， he was an accomplished horseman. However， his personal life looks pale next to his vibrant career and studies.
G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804， and according to Robinson， ＂their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work.＂ Almost all we know about her is that she sustained her hu*and through some rancorous disputes about optics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to take off. Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Young＇s relationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them， or anyone else， with shaping Young＇s extraordinary mind. Despite the lack of details concerning Young＇s relationships， however， anyone interested in what it means to be a genius should read this book.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1？
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet， write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1 “The last man who knew everything” has also been claimed to other people.
2 All Young’s articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica.
3 Like others， Young wasn＇t so brilliant when grew up.
4 Young＇s talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills.
5 Young＇s advice was sought by people responsible for local and national issues.
6 Young was interested in various social pastimes.
7 Young suffered from a disease in his later years.
Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
8 How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica？
9 What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academic paper？
10 What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages？
11 Who inspired Young to start the medical studies？
12 Where did Young get a teaching position？
13 What contribution did Young make to London？
文章题目：
Thomas Young—The Last True Know-it All
托马斯·杨——最后一个无所不知的人
篇章结构
体裁人物传记
题目托马斯·杨——最后一个无所不知的人
结构A段：托马斯·杨对百科全书的主要成就
B段：托马斯年轻时的主要成就
C段：托马斯晚年的主要成就
D段：托马斯童年的生活背景及成长经历
E段：托马斯作为自然哲学学者取得的成就
F段： 托马斯在其他领域的成就
G段：托马斯的感情生活
试题分析
Question 1-7
题目类型：True / false /not given
题号定位词文中对应点题目解析
1Other peopleA段第四句“Young has competition， however： The phrase， which Robinson takes for his title， also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies： Leonard Warren＇s 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy （1823-1891） and Paula Findlen＇s 2023 book on Athanasius Kircher （1602-1680）， another polymath.”该句中明确给出了Young还有其他的竞争者，他们的传记中也同样拥有这样的小标题，分别是Leonard Warren写的关于Joseph Leidy的传记，以及 Paula Findlen＇s写的关于Athanasius Kircher的传记。
因此，本题答案为True
2all， articlesB段第一、二句B段第一句 “Young， of course， did more than write encyclopedia entries.”明确表示Young所做的远不仅仅是编辑大英百科全书的词条，因此并不是所有的都在百科全书。而在本段第二句中，作者指出，Young在20岁的时候将自己的第一篇论文自荐给伦敦皇家学会，并在一年后成为该学会的会员： He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a week after his 21st birthday。Paper与article为近意思。显然，题干与原文含义相反。
因此，本题答案为False
3likeC段最后一句C段整体是在介绍Young晚年的主要成就，即Young长大后的成就。此外，在C段最后一句中，作者明确指出Young和其他的孩子不同的一点在于，Young并没有像其他那些年少成名而后来江郎才尽的孩子一样，他后来同样取得了非凡的成就： These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who， unlike many remarkable children， did not disappear into oblivion as an *.句中的unlike为like的反义词，显然题干与原文含义相反。
因此，本题答案为False
4surpassingD段第四、七句D段介绍了Young的成长背景和经历，同时体现出其涉猎范围较为广泛。其中第四句中提到Young决定学医，并且在后面的介绍中指出Young还参加戏剧演出，学习跳舞和吹笛子： He then broke with his Quaker upbringing by attending the theater and learning to dance and play the flute. In addition， he was an accomplished horseman.而在第七句中作者指出Young还是一名杰出的马术师。但是并未指出Young在哪个方面的造诣更高，更有天赋。Surpassing这个概念并没有在文中体现。
因此，本题答案为Not Given
5soughtE段第四句“ His opinions were sought on civic and national matters”，文中表明Young的很多观点关注人民和国家事务。题干与原文含义相同。
因此，本题答案为True
6Interested in， social pastimeF段第七句“We catch glimpses of a playful Young， doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs.”文中指出，通过Young的医学演讲中乱写的希腊字母和拉丁短语以及将一位年轻女性写在凉亭上的诗歌翻译成希腊挽歌便能看出他的幽默。显然，Young对于这样的社交娱乐是感兴趣的。题干和原文相符合。
因此，本题答案为True
7disease， later yearsC段第一句，G段第一句C段第一句给出了“later in his life，”但是本段近讲述了Young晚年在学术方面的成就；G段给出了Young的婚后生活，以及Robinson在书中并未提及Young与父母间的关系。但无论哪一个点都没有提及其晚年饱受某种疾病之苦。
因此，本题答案为Not Given
题目类型：Short-answer question
8life storiesA段第一句“Thomas Young （1773-1829） contributed 63 articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica， including 46 biographical entries （mostly on scientists and classicists）…”该剧中的“biographical entries”指传记词条，与题干中的life stories表示相同涵义。
因此，本题答案为46
9first academic paperB段第三句“In the paper， on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances， Young hypothesized that deformation of the crystalline lens accomplished the accommodation.”B段段首表明，Young将自己的第一篇论文自荐给了伦敦皇家学会学会。因此本段讨论的是其第一篇论文。而本段第三句指出，在这篇论文中，Young主要讨论了人类眼球的调节机制
因此，本题答案为humaneye或human eye accommodation
10a group of languagesC段第五句“In another entry， he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India.”该句指出，Young创造了术语 Indo-European来描述在欧洲大部分地区以及北印度使用的语言。
因此，本题答案为Indo-European
11inspire， medical studiesD段第四句D段前面介绍了Young童年时期的生活背景。本段第四句中则指出：“Following Brockle*y＇s lead， Young decided to pursue a career in medicine.”。显然，正是因为 Richard Brockle*y的引导，Young才决定在医学方面有所建树。
因此，本题答案为 Richard Brockle*y
12teaching positionE段第二句“ Earlier， in 1801， he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution”，题干中的teaching position与E段第二句中的professorship均表示“教师职位”，该句明确指出，Young作为自然哲学的教授，受聘于英国科学研究所。
因此，本题答案为 Royal Institution
13LondonE段第五句“His opinions were sought on civic and national matters， such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction.”E段主要介绍了Young作为自然哲学学者取得的成就。而第五句则列举了Young的两个成就，其对于伦敦的所做出的成就在于煤气照明的引入。
因此，本题答案为gas lighting
A我们该怎样理解托马斯·杨（1773-1829）？他是《大不列颠百科全书》中63篇文章的作者，其中包括46篇传记（大部分都是关于科学家和古典学者），和大量关于“桥” “色彩论” “埃及” “语吉” “潮汐”等的论文。一个能够写出这样多有权威性文章的人应该算是一个博学者？ 一个天才？还是一个业余兴趣广泛的人呢？在一篇关于他的比较激进的传记中，Andrew Robinson 认为托马斯杨是-位强有力的竞争者能够配得这样的墓志铭“是最后一个知道任何事的人”。但是杨也要面对竞争：因为这样的传记标题Robinson不仅给了他，也作为副标题给了有关另两位学者的传记：Lenard Warren 1998年著的《古生物学家Joseph Leipy的一生》（1823-1891）以及Paula Findlen 2023年著的关于另一位博学者Athanasius Kircher（1602-1680）的传记。
B当然杨的贡献远不止写了很多百科全书上的文章，他在20岁的时候将自己的第一篇论文自荐给伦敦皇家学会，并在他的21岁生日后被评为一周科学人物，杨在该篇论文中解释了人类眼睛的调节机制一一关于眼睛如何通过不同的距离聚焦在物体上。在后面的文章中，他更加全面地探讨了这个问题，类似牛顿，他在自己身上进行了可怕的实验用以获得相关的证据，他还得出这样的理论：光是通过“以太”分子的振动，以波的形式进行传递的，而“以太”是一种假想物质，其存在还存在争议性。他还认为为了能看见颜色，必须要有3个感应器对“三原色”进行感应，而这三种视网膜对其产生感应的颜色就是红，黄，蓝二种颜色。
C在他人生的晚些时候，也就是40多岁的时候，杨试图破解锁在罗塞塔石碑里的未知文字密码，这个石碑是在1799年在埃及被拿破仑的军队发现的，并且从1802年起就在英国博物馆进行展出。该石碑上包含了 3种不同的字母：希腊语，不可辨识的文字以及埃及的象形文字。这种不可辨识的文字现在被认为是正如杨所推断的是很普通的，是和象形文字直接相关的。他最初有关这方面的工作首次出现在他在《大不列颠百科全书》中编纂的词条。在另一个条目中，他创造了术语“Indo-European”来描述在欧洲大部分地区以及北印度使用的语言。这些都是这是这位从小就展露科学天赋并且不像很多孩子后来江郎才尽的科学家获得的里程碑式的成就。
D托马斯·杨出生在英国萨默塞特郡一个虔诚的教友会教徒家庭，从小和他的外公一起长大，最后去了寄宿学校。他两岁的时候就博览群书，并且自学熟练掌握了拉丁语，希腊语，数学以及哲学，在很大程度上他受到了舅舅Richard Brockle*y的鼓励，他的舅舅也是英国皇家学会的一位内科医生。在Brockle*y的引导下，杨决定要在医学方而有所建树，他曾先后在伦敦大学、爱丁堡大学和格丁根大学学习医学，多亏了Brockle*y的引荐，杨进入了英国皇家学会，他最后也打破了从小在教友会的教育，他参加戏剧演出，学习跳舞和吹笛子，此外，他还是一位杰出的马术师。在1808年结束在剑桥大学的医学学习后，杨在伦敦开了一家诊所，很快他就成为皇家内科医生学会的一员，并且几年后成为圣乔治医院的一名内科医生。
E杨作为内科医生的医术却赶不上他作为自然哲学学者或是语言学家取得的成就，早在1801年，他已经被任命为英国皇家学会的教授，他每年要在那里举办60场的讲座。这些讲座在1807年以两本书的形式进行出版。1804年杨就已经成为英国朵家学会的秘书，而他获此殊荣直至去世。他的很多观点关注人民和国家事务，比如说在伦敦引进煤气照明和造船方法。从1819年起，他就是航海天文年历的主要负责人，也是Board of Longitude的秘书。从1824年到1829年，他担任Palladian 保险公司的精算师和内科医生。在1816年和1825年间，他为《大不列颠百科全书》编纂了许多词条，而且穷其一生著作，论文无数。
F我们通过杨在医学课上胡乱写的希腊字母和拉丁文短语以及他将一位年轻的女士写在避暑山庄墙上的诗句翻译成挽歌可以看出他的幽默，但是他的个人生活也因为自己对工作和研究的全情投入而略显苍白。
G他在1804年和Eliza Maxwell结婚，据Robinson所述“他们的婚姻是幸福的，因为他的夫人欣赏他的工作”。我们对于他夫人的了解仅限于她在她丈夫备受一些关于眼睛的理论方面争议的时候总是坚定地支持他，并且当他的医学生涯开始慢慢起飞的时候，她开始有些担心钱的问题。值得一提的是，杨没有被保护的人，他都是和自己的导师进行互动一一先是他的外公，后是Brockle*y一一还有先于他过失的一些伟人（其中很多是很著名的如牛顿，杨最早在17岁读了他写的书）。但是关于杨和他母亲以及父亲的关系的记述却鲜力人知，Robinson在说到杨的非凡的头脑时也并没有将其归功于他的父母，或许很难有这样的巧合：过去的天才都是由于卓越的父母教育造就的。

以上信息希望能帮助您在留学申请的道路上少走弯路。如果您还有更多问题或需要深入探讨，不要犹豫，您可以在我们的留学官方网站上找到更丰富的考试资讯、留学指导和*专家咨询服务。我们的团队始终站在您的角度，为您的留学梦想全力以赴。祝您申请顺利！

2020年8月1日雅思阅读考试真题答案

8月1号进行了八月初的第一场雅思的考试，相信大家对真题以及答案会非常的感兴趣、今天就由的我为大家介绍2020年8月1日雅思阅读考试真题答案。

一、考题解析

P1 土地沙漠化

P2 澳大利亚的鹦鹉

P3 多重任务

二、名师点评

1.8月份首场考试的难度总体中等，有出现比较多的配对题，没有出现Heading题，其余主要以常规的填空，判断和选择题为主。文章的话题和题型搭配也是在剑桥真题中都有迹可循，所以备考重心依然还是剑桥官方真题。

2. 整体分析：涉及环境类（P1）、动物类（P2）、社科类（P3）。

本次考试的P2和P3均为旧题。P2是动物类的话题，题型组合为：段落细节配对+单选+summary填空，难度中等。题型上也延续19年的出题特点，出现配对题，考察定位速度和准确度。P3也出现了段落细节配对，主要是段落细节配对+单选+判断。三种题型难度中等，但是文章理解起来略有难度。

3. 部分答案及参考文章：

Passage 1：土地沙漠化

题型及答案待确认

Passage 2：澳大利亚的鹦鹉

题型：段落细节配对+单选+Summary填空

技巧分析：由于段落细节配对是完全乱序出题，在定位时需要先做后面的单选题及填空题，最大化利用已读信息来确定答案，尽量避免重复阅读，以保证充分的做题时间。

文章内容及题目参考：

A 概况，关于一个大的生物种类

B 一些物种消失的原因，题干关键词：an example of one bird species extinct

C 一种鹦鹉不能自己存活，以捕食另一种鸟为生，吃该鸟类的蛋。题干关键词：two species competed at the expense of oneanother

D 吸引鹦鹉的原因以及鹦鹉嘴的特点。题干关键词：*ysis of reasons as Australian landscapeattract parrots

E 植物是如何适应鹦鹉。题干关键词：plants attract birds which make the animal adaptto the environment

F 南半球对英语的影响

G 两种鹦鹉从环境改变中获益并存活下来。题干关键词：two species of parrots benefit fromm theenvironment change

H 外来物种及本地鹦鹉

I 鸟类栖息地被破坏以及人类采取的措施

J 作者对于鹦鹉问题的态度

单选题：

why parrots in the whole world are lineal descendants of

选项关键词：continent split from Africa

the writer thinks parrots species beak is for

选项关键词：adjust to their suitable diet

which one is not mentioned

选项关键词：should be frequently maintained

填空题：分布在文章的前两段

one-sixth

16th century

mapmaker

John Gould

Passage 3：多重任务

题型：段落细节配对+单选+判断

参考答案及文章

28 F

29I

30C

31B

32G

33C

34B

35A

36YES

37YES

38NO

39NOT GIVEN

40NO

Passage3： multitasking

Multitasking Debate—Can you do them at the same time？

Talking on the phone while driving isn＇t the only situationwhere we＇re worse at multitasking than we might like to think we are. Newstudies have identified a bottleneck in our brains that some say means we arefundamentally incapable of true multitasking. If experimental findings reflectreal-world performance， people who think they are multitasking are probablyjust underperforming in all-or at best， all but one -of their parallelpursuits. Practice might improve your performance， but you will never be asgood as when focusing on one task at a time.

The problem， according to René Marois， a psychologist atVanderbilt University in Nashville， Tennessee， is that there＇s a sticking pointin the brain. To demonstrate this， Marois devised an experiment to locate nteers watch a screen and when a particular image appears， a red circle，say， they have to press a key with their index finger. Different colouredcircles require presses from different fingers. Typical response time is about half a second， and thevolunteers quickly reach their peak performance. Then they learn to listen todifferent recordings and respond by making a specific sound. For instance， whenthey hear a bird chirp， they have to say ＂ba＂； an electronic soundshould elicit a ＂ko＂， and so on. Again， no problem. A normal personcan do that in about half a second， with almost no effort. The trouble comeswhen Marois shows the volunteers an image， then almost immediately plays them asound. Now they＇re flummoxed. ＂If you show an image and play a sound atthe same time， one task is postponed，＂ he says. In fact，if the second taskis introduced within the half-second or so it takes to process and react to thefirst， it will simply be delayed until the first one is done. The largestdual-task delays occur when the two tasks are presented simultaneously； delaysprogressively shorten as the interval between presenting the tasks lengthens（See Diagram）.

There are at least three points where we seem to getstuck， says Marois. The first is in simply identifying what we＇re looking  can take a few tenths of a second， during which time we are not able tosee and recognise a second item. This limitation is known as the＂attentional blink＂： experiments have shown that if you＇re watchingout for a particular event and a second one shows up unexpectedly any timewithin this crucial window of concentration， it may register in your visualcortex but you will be unable to act upon it. Interestingly， if you don＇texpect the first event， you have no trouble responding to the second. Whatexactly causes the attentional blink is still a matter for debate.

A second limitation is in our short-term visual ＇s estimated that we can keep track of about four items at a time， fewer ifthey are complex. This capacity shortage is thought to explain， in part， our astonishinginability to detect even huge changes in scenes that are otherwise identical，so-called ＂change blindness＂. Show people pairs of near-identicalphotos -say， aircraft engines in one picture have disappeared in the other -andthey will fail to spot the differences （if you don＇t believe it， check out theclips at /~rensink/flicker/download）. Here again， though， thereis disagreement about what the essential limiting factor really is. Does itcome down to a dearth of storage capacity， or is it about how much attention aviewer is paying？

A third limitation is that choosing a response to astimulus -braking when you see a child in the road， for instance，or replyingwhen your mother tells you over the phone that she＇s thinking of leaving yourdad -also takes brainpower. Selecting a response to one of these things willdelay by some tenths of a second your ability to respond to the other. This iscalled the ＂response selection bottleneck＂ theory， first proposed in1952.

Last December， Marois and his colleagues published apaper arguing that this bottleneck is in fact created in two different areas ofthe brain： one in the posterior lateral prefrontal cortex and another in thesuperior medial frontal cortex （Neuron， vol 52， p 1109）. They found this byscanning people＇s brains with functional MRI while the subjects struggled tochoose among eight possible responses to each of two closely timed tasks. Theydiscovered that these brain areas are not tied to any particular sense but aregenerally involved in selecting responses， and they seemed to queue theseresponses when presented with multiple tasks concurrently.

Bottleneck？ What bottleneck？

But David Meyer， a psychologist at the University ofMichigan， Ann Arbor， doesn＇t buy the bottleneck idea. He thinks dual-taskinterference is just evidence of a strategy used by the brain to prioritisemultiple activities. Meyer is known as something of an optimist by his  has written papers with titles like ＂Virtually perfect time-sharing indual-task performance： Uncorking the central cognitive bottleneck＂（Psychological Science， vol 12， p101）. His experiments have shown that withenough practice -at least 2000 tries -some people can execute two taskssimultaneously as competently as if they were doing them one after the  suggests that there is a central cognitive processor that coordinates allthis and， what＇s more， he thinks it uses discretion： sometimes it chooses todelay one task while completing another.

Even with practice， not all people manage to achieve thisharmonious time-share， however. Meyer argues that individual differences comedown to variations in the character of the processor -some brains are just more＂cautious＂， some more ＂daring＂. And despite urban legend，there are no noticeable

differences between men and women. So， according to him，it＇s not a central bottleneck that causes dual-task interference， but rather＂adaptive executive control＂， which ＂schedules task processesappropriately to obey instructions about their relative priorities and serialorder＂.

Marois agrees that practice can sometimes eraseinterference effects. He has found that with just 1 hour of practice each dayfor two weeks， volunteers show a huge improvement at managing both his tasks atonce. Where he disagrees with Meyer is in what the brain is doing to achievethis. Marois speculates that practice might give us the chance to find lesscongested circuits to execute a task -rather like finding trusty back streetsto avoid heavy traffic on main roads -effectively making our response to thetask subconscious. After all， there are plenty of examples of subconsciou*ultitasking that most of us routinely manage： walking and talking， eating andreading， watching TV and folding the laundry.

But while some dual tasks benefit from practice， otherssimply do not. ＂Certain kinds of tasks are really hard to do two atonce，＂ says Pierre Jolicoeur at the University of Montreal， Canada， whoalso studies multitasking. Dual tasks involving a visual stimulus andskeletal-motor response （which he dubs ＂in the eye and out the hand＂）and an auditory stimulus with a verbal response （＂in the ear and out themouth＂） do seem to be amenable to practice， he says. Jolicoeur has foundthat with enough training such tasks can be performed as well together asapart. He speculates that the brain connections that they use may be somehowspecial， because we learn to speak by hearing and learn to move by looking. Butpair visual input with a verbal response， or sound to motor， and there＇s nodramatic improvement. ＂It looks like no amount of practice will allow youto combine these，＂ he says.

For research purposes， these experiments have to be keptsimple. Real-world multitasking poses much greater challenges. Even the upbeatMeyer is sceptical about how a lot of us live our lives. Instant-messaging andtrying to do your homework？ ＂It can＇t be done，＂ he says. Conducting ajob interview while answering emails？ ＂There＇s no way you wind up being asgood.＂ Needless to say， there appear to be no researchers in the area ofmultitasking who believe that you can safely drive a car and carry on a phoneconversation. In fact， last year David Strayer at the University of Utah inSalt Lake City reported that people using cellphones drive no better thandrunks （Human Factors， vol 48， p 381）. In another study， Strayer found thatusing a hands-free kit did not improve a driver＇s response time. He concludedthat what distracts a driver so badly is the very act of talking to someone whoisn＇t present in the car and therefore is unaware of the hazards facing thedriver.

“No researchers believe it＇s safe to drive a car andcarry on a phone conversation”

It probably comes as no surprise that， generallyspeaking， we get worse at multitasking as we age. According to Art Kramer atthe University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign， who studies how ageing affectsour cognitive abilities， we peak in our 20s. Though the decline is slow throughour 30s and on into our 50s， it is there； and after 55， it becomes moreprecipitous. In one study， he and his colleagues had both young and oldparticipants do a simulated driving task while carrying on a conversation. Hefound that while young drivers tended to miss background changes， older driversfailed to notice things that were highly relevant. Likewise， older subjects hadmore trouble paying attention to the more important parts of a scene than youngdrivers.

It＇s not all bad news for over-55s， though. Kramer alsofound that older people can benefit from practice. Not only did they learn toperform better， brain scans showed that underlying that improvement was achange in the way their brains become active.

Whileit＇s clear that practice can often make a difference， especially as we age， thebasic facts remain sobering. ＂We have this impression of an almightycomplex brain，＂ says Marois， ＂and yet we have very humbling andcrippling limits.＂ For most of our history， we probably never needed to domore than one thing at a time， he says， and so we haven＇t evolved to be ableto. Perhaps we will in future， though. We might yet look back one day on peoplelike Debbie and Alun as ancestors of a new breed of true multitaskers.

以上就是雅思无忧为大家带来的贺州雅思阅读真题及解析（请问2023年剑桥雅思阅读真题解析：Thomas Young），希望能帮助到大家！

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