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雅思阅读同义词替换四项基本原则（5种雅思阅读同义词替换讲解）

更新：2023年10月31日 10:45 雅思无忧

今天雅思无忧小编为大家带来了雅思阅读同义词替换四项基本原则（5种雅思阅读同义词替换讲解），希望能帮助到大家，一起来看看吧！

本文目录一览：

1、雅思阅读同义词替换四项基本原则
2、5种雅思阅读同义词替换讲解
3、雅思考点替换词列表

雅思阅读同义词替换四项基本原则

1词性之间的替换

词性的替换主要是指题目中的关键信息与原文中的内容在词性上做了变化而已。这样的替换相对来说，难度系数偏低，只需要考生能够辨认出相同的词根即可。

Example 1：

Cambridge8，Test3中Q35：Through mutations, organi*s can 35 better to the environment.首先通过mutation一词将此填空题在原文定位到第C段”Because of changes in the genetic material (mutations) these have new characteristics and in the course of their individual lives they are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the environmental conditions.”然后寻找空后关键词better to，根据空格前的情态动词can推测空格处只能填一个动词，而且是原形，还要能和to搭配。这么一来，这句话里只有一个对应词比较合适：adaption，将其变形为动词adapt即可。

Example 2：

Cambridge6，Test2中Q17Q18：This is largely due to developments in 17 , but other factors such as improved 18 may also be playing a part.定位到原文第四段”Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century….”表明有些疾病是被medical advances打败的。根据空格前的介词可以判断17题缺一个跟developments相关的名词。正确选项是medical的同根词M(medicine)。而18题是一个被improved修饰的名词，原文中improvements是它的同根词，所以答案是选项J (nutrition)。

这样的替换，即使单词是陌生的，却可以通过相同的词根或词形来帮助考生去挑选答案。要想掌握好这样的替换，也就要求考生尽可能地去多熟悉英语词汇中各种词根与词缀的应用。

剑桥阅读中出现的同根词变身：

ability → able

diabetic → diabetes

secrete → secretions

fertilise → fertilisers

creativity → creative

investigative → investigate

prefer → preference

emit → emission

predictability → predicted

2同义词/近义词之间的替换

同义词替换是指考题与原文中的关键内容用同义词进行一种互换。此类替换占据同义替换现象的大部分内容，而且几乎所有的题型都会有这样的替换现象。且大量常见的词都会主要是以名词与动词为主。

Example 3：

Cambridge6，Test4的Q9：Kim Schaefer’s marketing technique may be open to critici* on moral grounds.在原文第三段中定位到”Selling pharmaceuticals is a daily exercise in ethical judgment,”其中ethical即为原文中moral的同义词。

考生只需要在平时增加词汇量时有意识地去注意一些常见同义词，雅思阅读的解答也就变得简单很多了。其实严格意义上来讲，同义词应该还包括一些常用词组或短语之间的一种互换。

Example 4：

Cambridge7，Test4的Q19：Between 1940 and 1959, there was a sharp decrease in Alaska's salmon population.此题为是非判断题。利用between 1940 and 1959定位到原文第4段Between 1940 and 1959, overfishing led to crashes in salmon population so severe that in 1953 Alaska was declared a federal disaster area. 原文中的crashes与题干中的sharp decrease属于近义词(语义相同的词)之间的替换。

Example 5：

Cambridge6，Test1的Q38Q39：In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their 38 lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on 39 for their food and clothes.定位到原文D段：Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory’s 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing.题干中提及被迫放弃什么生活方式，因此要求填一个形容词来修饰lifestyle。而时间状语in recent years是定位词。按顺序原则，原文的时间状语over the past 40 years正好跟in recent years对应，abandon与give up，ways和lifestyle对应，答案便是abandon后面的宾语ways的修饰语nomadic。同时判断depend on后面需要填一个名词，即依靠什么东西。而后面的food and clothes是非常好的定位词。很快可以在原文中找到对应depend on的rely on,而后面又有food and clothes。因此可以很清楚地判断出rely on的宾语nature就是答案。

剑桥中出现的同义词/近义词

change → shift / revision

overstate → exaggerate

target → goal

comments → feedback

performance → achievement

metropolitan → city

world → global

perceive → sense / feel

calculate → measure

resemble → look like

link to → associated with

expert → scientist

hard to find → elusive

3.否定加反义之间的替换

Example 6：

Cambridge7，Test1的Q33：In the follow-up class, the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes.根据顺序原则以及follow-up可以定位到原文第6段。Such methods are not unusual in language teaching.题干中similar to和原文的not unusual属于否定加反义之间的替换。

Example 7：

Cambridge8，Test3的Q38：In principle, it is possible for a biological system to become older without ageing.可以定位到原文第三段Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organi* possesses many mechani* for repair.题干中possible是原文not inevitable的否定加反义替换。

剑桥阅读中出现的否定加反义替换

downward → not rising

not traditional → radical new approaches

with no rain at all →droughts

4.上下义词之间的替换

所谓上下义，是指替换的词语之间通常有一种从属关系。在雅思的阅读中这类替换往往出现在段落配对题之中，题目中给的是一个具有属性或者是表示概念的词语，而在原文中出现的替换词却是一个具体或者是细节的信息，考察考生对这两者之间从属关系的配对。

Example 8：

Cambridge6，Test3的Q28：Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old。此题为是非判断题，定位词为“drugs”，在原文中定位，我们能在文章第一段找到“As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging—the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we get older”。原文中treatment即为题干中drugs的上义词。

Example 9：

Cambridge7，Test1的Q5：early military use of echolocation 。此段落信息配对题在原文定位的句子是“it was only a matter of time before weapons designers adapted it for the detection of submarines.之所以这样定位，就是原文中weapon一词作为题干中military的下义词出现。

剑桥阅读中出现的上下义词替换

chemical → fertilizer and pesticide

military → Second World War

body language → gesture

farming → grow plants and herd animals

environment → light, sound and warmth

四种难度依次递增的同意替换，使雅思阅读的考题显得变换无穷，同时也将阅读的难度提到了一个不同的高度。所以有很多考生抱怨，题目特点和解题技巧都很清楚，定位词也能找准，可就是定位不到题目在原文中对应内容的位置。其实这源于考生没有真正了解雅思阅读考查词汇的变形。所以考生只要掌握4、6级词汇，熟悉以上四种替换原则，在原文中寻找这些替换表达，即可快速且准确地完成定位和答题。

5种雅思阅读同义词替换讲解

5种雅思阅读同义词替换讲解，同义词替换一直是雅思阅读中的一个难点之一，希望这次的整理对于大家有帮助。

第一种，也是最简单的雅思同义词替换，应该是词性之间的替换，也就是题目和原文使用的是同一个词，但是转变了词性。

比如剑7的Test 3的Passage 1 Ant Intelligence中的第8题中的secretion，但是原文中对应的词却是secrete，相信认识这个词的同学少之又少（不是秘密secret那个词），但是这并不妨碍同学们能知道这两个词是替换词，因为它们几乎长得一样，只不过是一个-te结尾的动词变成了-tion结尾的名词。类似的例子如C6T3P3 The Search for the Anti-aging Pill的第39题中的emit在原文中对应的是它的名词形式emission；再如还是这篇文章中的33题diabetic在原文中对应的是它的名词形式diabetes。类似的例子还有不少，同学们可以在复习的时候去注意搜集、整理和记忆。

第二种雅思同义词替换，我觉得也是最常见的一个替换，就是同义词/近义词间的替换。

这种替换也是同学们接触最多的一种。因为很常见，所以我就简单举两个例子就好。比如C5T1P1 Johnson’s Dictionary中的第9题well known在原文中是famous；C6T1P1 Australia’s Sporting Success第4题中的reproduce在原文中是copy或者replicate。这是比较普通的，还有就是比较具有文艺范的替换，比如C6T2P2 Greying Population Stays in the Pink中的第26题里面的loneliness在原文中是emotionally isolated（情感上孤立）。

第三种雅思同义词替换是上/下义词之间的替换，我们开头的chemical和fertilizer的例子就是这种替换，chemical是fertilizer的上义词。

我们再看几个例子，比如C6T2P3 Numeration 第34题中的body language对应了原文中的gesture（手势），这里body language是上义词，而gesture就是body language所包含的一种。再来看一个例子C7T1P1中的第5题里面的military，原文出题部分有3个对应的下义词的表达，分别是weapons（武器）、submarine（潜水艇）和Second World War，这里也体现出了出题考官的“仁慈”，你可以不认识weapon，可以不认识submarine，但是第二次世界大战总得认识吧？同样是military这个词，在C5T3P3 The Return of Artificial Intelligence的27题中，原文的替换说法是隶属于军事领域的battlefield和camouflaged vehicles这两个下义词，同样“仁慈”再现，基本无人知道camouflaged vehicle是“伪装车辆”的意思，但是只要词汇量还过得去的同学绝对知道battle这个词。

第四种雅思同义词替换比较小众，就是否定+反义的替换。

什么意思呢？比如big=not *all，但是真正的考试中的替换难度就大大上升了。比如C8T2P3 The meaning and power of *ell 第38题的lack在原文中被替换成not exist，这就是一个很好的例子，确实，缺乏不就是不存在嘛。再如新出版的剑10中，Test 2 Passage 2 Gifted children and learning 第18题中的accurate，在原文中的说法是fewer errors，仔细想一想这种替换也是令人回味无穷，精确等于作业中犯更少的错误。

第五种雅思同义词替换其实是我们开头所说的句子、句式间的替换。

这种替换没有章法可循，所以也是最难的。其实这种替换最典型的一个代表是主被动间的转化，因为大家对主被动的转化都已经很熟悉，所以我就无需赘言了。上面四种替换大家掌握起来可能很快，但是最后这种整句都会有变化的替换可能需要大家平时不断提高词汇量的同时来加大英文的阅读量，通过培养语感来理解。

那么大家初步了解了这5种替换之后，应该如何注意应用到以后的雅思备考中呢？

很明显，积累这样的词汇或者表达方式越多，我们越能洞悉考官的出题思路，从而在阅读中知己知彼，百战不殆。然而，阅读中积累的替换说法的用处远不止于阅读之中，还可以应用在输出型的作文和口语之中，当我们积累的这些词达到一定数量的时候就会发现以前一些很平常的表达方式换一种方式说出来之后马上就显得“高、大、上”，一举两得甚至三得的事情何乐而不为呢？

雅思考点替换词列表

2021年雅思考点替换词列表

雅思考试，多记替换词对阅读定位也是有帮助的，用之前记得查例句了解正确用法~下面我们一起来看看雅思写作的.高分替换词吧!

剑四阅读考点替换词

名词：

1. the destruction of rainforests (原文) --the loss of the rainforests

2. rainforest conservation( 原文)—the rainforests to be protected

3. the geographical location—where the rainforests were

4. courtship ritual—mating

5. feeding—eating

6. young people—teens

7. high standing—high opinion

8. take courses—retrain

9. domestic building—dwellings

10. economic progress—economic growth

形容词：

1. Rudimentary—underdeveloped

2. Well-developed—best developed

3. Surprised—taken aback

4. be loath to/be conservative about —be reluctant to

4. chronic—long-term

5. Awareness—conscious

6. basic--fundamental

动词：

1. Resemble—make similar choices/look like

2. choose entrepreneurship—set up their own business

3. make unbiased statements—comment objectively on

4. deal only with—focus on

5. be derived from—be gained from

6. break records—set new records

7. comprehend—explain

8. be broken down—be subdivided

9. predict—estimate

10. the elderly—elderly people

副词：

With tremendous force—violently

AB 相关替换

1. media coverage—Newspaper and television

2. A curve inside the circle—asymbol

3. Government policy—governmentinitiative

4. A growing interest in culturalidentity—increasing appreciation

5. Bilinguali*—more than onelanguage

6. Facial expression—body language

7. Nutriment—diet

8. Pots, tools and weapons—objects

关系替换：

1. People can learn…-- it can teach people…

2. A depends on B—B affect A

剑桥雅思真题456中的替换关系

Recognize = identify

Ethical=Moral

plenty of=Considerable=significant amount of

Almost certainly=little doubt

Modification=change=alteration=adjust

Better=Improve(方向词)

Live=residence=inhabitant

first=initial=primary§

Important=worthytrying=significant=essential

People=mortal=human=mankind

Reflect=feature=represent§

• Legitimate= have right to

• long term=chronic

• Interest (forborrowing)=slightly more money

• Feasible=practical

• Susceptible易受影响的 =allergic predisposed vulnerable

• mistaken=misconception=confusion=misunderstanding

• have yet to determine =yet not known

• release stress/tension= (psychictension is) punctured=

• Diversity=variety

• accompanying=with

• Aesthetic=beautiful

• Rigid = not yielding

• focus on=emphasize=narrow down

雅思高频近义词

注意，近义不等于同义，不要乱用词汇~

☆artificial

synthetic, fabricated, contrived, fake, mock, bogus, counterfeit, pseudo

☆conventional

traditional, historical, past; accepted, common, regular, routine, mainstream, ordinary

☆demand

request, claim, need, order, require, call for

☆decline

decrease, degeneration, drop, fall, recession, depression, reduction, slump,worsening

☆develop

evolve, advance, grow, improve, progress, flourish

☆difficulty

handicap, hardship, adversity, challenge, complication, dilemma, perplexity, plight, trouble

☆early

first, old, ancient, primitive, previous, former, remote

☆find

discover, come across, encounter, hit on, expose, notice, note, observe, recognize, spot, uncover

☆future

what's next, prospect, approaching, expected, destined, forthcoming

☆how

describe, operate, explain, clarify, demonstrate, eludicate, expound, illustrate, interpret, account for

☆inevitable

unavoidable, certain, destined, fated, inescapable, sure

☆militant

armed, belligerent, army, weapon, warlike

☆objection

commercial challenge, complaint, disapproval, opposition, protest, query, question, remonstration

☆obstacle

bar, barricade, barrier, block, blockage, check, obstruction, problem, snag,hurdle

☆prevalent

common, usual, prevailing, widespread, systematic, collective, general, popular

☆reduce

curtail, cut, decrease, halve, impair, lessen, moderate, trim, slash

☆role

function (provide, support, weaken, *ooth, solve), job, position, duty, post,task, contribution

☆recent

modern, current, now, nowadays, today, contemporaneous, new, novel, present,up-to-date

☆simulate

virtual, create, reproduce, pretend, imitate

☆significance

importance, milestone, impact, justification, gist, implication, point,purport, vital business, economic, financial, mercantile, profitable, pecuniary

☆worldwide

international, co*opolitan, global, universal, ubiquitous, widespread, aroundthe world

作文常用词的对应近义词汇短语

解决：solve, resolve, deal with, cope with, handle, tackle

消除：get rid of, eradicate, eliminate

依赖：rely on, depend on, count on

十分：very much, immensely, hugely, largely, greatly,enormously, tremendously

损害：damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair

给予：give, offer, render, impart, provide

发展：develop, cultivate, foster

优势：advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength

缺陷：disadvantage, detect, demerit, drawback, downside,