雅思口语 求高手给素材 关于弊端的雅思写作

最近经常有小伙伴私信询问雅思口语 求高手给素材 关于弊端的雅思写作相关的问题，今天，雅思无忧小编整理了以下内容，希望可以对大家有所帮助。

本文目录一览：

• 1、雅思口语 求高手给素材
• 2、雅思写作考试70个必备句型
• 3、关于弊端的雅思写作

雅思口语 求高手给素材

JUDGE'S PLEDGE

THE JUDGE'S PLEDGE
As a member of the judiciary who desires to improve relations among
counsel and between the Bench and the Bar, I pledge as follows:
To be courteous, respectful and civil to the attorneys, parties, and
witnesses who appear before the court;
To exercise my authority to ensure that all the attorneys, parties, and
witnesses conduct themselves in a civil manner;
To refrain from any conduct or statement which discriminates on the basis
of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation or other personal
characteristic of attorneys, parties, or witnesses;
To instruct all court personnel to act civilly toward attorneys, parties,
and witnesses;
To refrain from the use of abusive, demeaning or humiliating language and
opinions in oral or written communication with attorneys, parties, and
witnesses;
To be punctual in covering all hearings, meetings, and conferences;
To give full consideration to the papers and arguments presented by
counsel
To make a reasonable effort to decide promptly all matters presented for
decision;
To be aware of the time restraints and pressures imposed upon attorneys by
the exigencies of litigation practice, while nevertheless endeavoring to
resolve disputes efficiently;
To make every effort to adhere to the statutes and court rules which are
intended to establish uniformity among all of the courts;
To consider the legitimate calendaring conflicts of attorneys, parties,
and witnesses in the administration of those matters before the court;
To avoid conduct which would give an appearance of favoriti* to any
particular counsel or party;
To be mindful that the court is the servant of the people and its purpose
is the administration of justice.

法官的保证
作为法官队伍中的一名希望改善律师之间的关系以及法官与律师之间的关系的成员，本文作出如下保证：
对出庭或到庭的律师、当事人以及证人礼貌、尊重、文明；
行使本人的职权以保证所有的律师、当事人以及证人以文明方式行事；
避免任何歧视律师、当事人或者证人的种族、宗教、性别、性取向、或其他个人特征的行为或语言；
指示所有法院人员以文明方式对待律师、当事人以及证人；
在与律师、当事人以及证人的口头或书面交流中避免辱骂性的、贬损性的或羞辱性的语言或意见；
准时进行所有的聆审和会议；
充分考虑律师呈交的所有文件和做出的所有辩论；
做出合理努力以迅速地对所有待决事项做出决定；
考虑到诉讼实践给律师带来的时间限制和压力，但是仍然努力有效地解决争端；
尽力遵守旨在使所有法院统一的制定法和法院规则；
在处理法院事务是考虑律师、当事人以及证人的合理的时间冲突；
避免任何对某个律师或当事人由偏袒迹象的行为；
谨记法院是人民的公仆，其目的是维护正义。

Judges

Fewer than one in twenty of those admitted to practice law is a federal, state, county, or municipal court judge. Except for some inferior courts, judges are generally required to be admitted to practice but do not practice while on the bench. There is so little uniformity that it is difficult to generalize further than to point out three salient characteristics that relate to the ranks from which judges are drawn, to the method of their selection, and to their tenure.

Judges are drawn from the practicing bar and less frequently from government service or the teaching profession. There is in the United States no career judiciary like that found in many other countries and there is no prescribed route for the young law graduate who aspires to be a judge, no apprenticeship that must be served, no service that must be entered. The outstanding young law graduates who act for a year or two as law clerks to the most distinguished judges of the federal and state courts have only the reward of the experience to take with them into practice and not the promise of a judicial career. While it is not uncommon for a vacancy on a higher court to be filled by a judge from a lower court, even this cannot be said to be the rule. The legal profession is not entirely unaware of the advantages of a career judiciary, but it is generally thought that they are outweighed by the experience and independence which American lawyers bring to the bench. Many of the outstanding judges of the country�s highest courts have had no prior judicial experience. Critici* has centered instead on the prevalent method of selection of judges.

State court judges are usually elected, commonly by popular vote, but occassionally by the legislature. Popular election has been the subject of much disapproval, including that of the American Bar Association, on the ground that the public lacks interest in and information on candidates for judicial office and that therefore the outcome is too often controlled by leaders of political parties. The situation has been somewhat improved since many local bar associations have undertaken to evaluate the qualifications of candidates and to support or oppose them on this basis.

Since 1937, the American Bar Association has advocated the substitution of a system under which the governor appoints judges from a list submitted by a special nominating board and the judge then periodically stands unopposed for reelection by popular vote on the basis of his or her record. Such a system is now in effect, for at least some judges, in a substantial minority of states. In a *all group of states, judges are appointed by the governor subject to legislative confirmation.

This is also the method of selection of federal judges, who are appointed by the President subject to confirmation by the Senate. Even under the appointive system the selection of judges is not immune from political influence and appointees are usually of the President�s or governor�s own party. But names of candidates for the federal judiciary are submitted to a committee of the American Bar Association and appointment is usually made only with its approval. The office of chief judge or chief justice is usually filled in the same manner as other judicial offices, although in some states it is filled from among the members of the court by rotation, by seniority of service, or by vote of the judges. The Chief Justice of the United States is appointed by the President, subject to Senate confirmation.

The third characteristic is that judges commonly serve for a term of years rather than for life. For courts of general jurisdiction it is typically four, six, or eight years, and for appellate courts, six, eight, or ten years. Happily, even where selection is by popular election, it is customary to return to office for sitting judges whose service has been satisfactory. In a few state courts and in the federal courts the judges sit for life. Whether on the bench for a term of years or for life, a judge may be removed from office only for gross misconduct and only by formal proceedings. Instances of removal have been rare indeed and only a handful of federal judges have been removed by formal proceedings. The independence of the judiciary is also encouraged by the rule that a judge incurs no civil liability for judicial acts, even if guilty of fraud and corruption. The American Bar Association�s Code of Judicial Conduct has been widely adopted as a standard to which judges are expected to adhere. Salaries for the higher judicial offices are usually good although less than the income of a successful private practitioner, the prestige of these offices is high, and the bench has been able to attract many of the country�s ablest legal minds. The great names in American law are in large part the names of its great judges.

TEAMWORK

雅思写作考试70个必备句型

【 #英语资源# 导语】　雅思写作70个必备句型句句干货，帮助大家在一个小时之内写出一手漂亮的作文，合理安排开始时间，熟记下面的必备句型，考试的时候将会有一定的辅助作用，感兴趣的同学赶紧来看看吧!

雅思写作70个必备句型详细内容如下：重庆环球雅思

1.It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型

She　had　said　what　it　was　necessary　to　say。

2.强调句型

It　is　not　who　rules　us　that　is　important,　but　how　he　rules　us。

3.“All+抽象名词”或“抽象名词+itself”(very+形容词)|

He　was　all　gentleness　to　her。

4.利用词汇重复表示强调

A　crime　is　a　crime。

5.“something(much)of”和“nothing(little)of”“something　of”相当于“to　some 　extent”，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为“anything　of　”，可译为“有点”，“略微等。”“译为毫无”，“全无”。“much　of”译为“大有”，“not　much　of”可译为“算不上”，“称不上”，“little　of”可译为“几乎无”。 something　like译为“有点像，略似。”

They　say　that　he　had　no　university　education,　but　he　seems　to　be　 something　of　a　scholar。

6.同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，“of”以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰“of”后面的那个名词。如“her　old　sharper　of　a　father”，可译为：“她那骗子般的父亲”。

Those　pigs　of　girls　eat　so　much。

7.as…as…can(may)beIt　is　as　plain　as　plain　can　be。

8.“It　is　in(with)…as　in(with)”

It　is　in　life　as　in　a　journey。

9.“as　good　as…”相等于，就像，几乎如;实际上，其实，实在。

The　merchant　as　good　as　promised　the　orphan　boy,　that　he　would　 adopt　him。

10.“many　as　well…as”和“might　as　well　…as” “many　as　well…as”可译为“与其……，不如……，更好”，“以这样做……为宜”，“如同……，也可以……”等等。“might　as　well　…as”表示不可能的事，可译为“犹如……”，“可与……一样荒唐”，“与其那样不如这样的好”等等。

One　may　as　well　not　know　a　thing　at　all　as　know　it　imperfectly。

11.“to　make…of”的译法(使……成为……，把……当作)I　will　make　a　scientist　of　my　son。

12.oo…+不定式“，not(never)too…+不定式”，“too…not+不定式She　is　too　angry　to　speak。

13.only(not,　all,　but,　never) too　…to　do　so　”和“too　ready　(apt) +　 to　do”结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是“not”，“all”“but等字后+”too…to，“不定式都失去了否定意义，在”too　 ready(apt) +to　do“结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。

You　know　but　too　yell　to　hold　your　tongue。

14.”no　more　…than…“句型A　home　without　love　is　no　more　a　home　than　a　body　without　a　soul　is 　a　man。

15.”not　so　much…as“和”not　so　much　as　…“结构，”not　so　much…as“=”not　so　 much　as　…“，其中as有进可换用but　rather，可译为：”与其说是……毋须说是……“。而”not　so　much　 as“=”without(not)even，“可译为”甚至……还没有“。

The　oceans　do　not　so　much　divide　the　world　as　unite　it　。

16.”Nothing　is　more…than“和”Nothing　is　so　…as“结构，”Nothing　is　 more…than“和”Nothing　is　so　…as“都具有级比较的意思，”Nothing　I“可换用”no“，”nobody“，”nowhere“，”little“，”few“，”hardly“，”scarcely“等等，可译为”没有…… 比……更为“，”像……再没有了“，”最……“等。

Nothing　is　more　precious　than　time。

17.”cannot…too…“结构，”cannot…too…“意为”It　is　impossible　to　overdo…“或者，即”无论怎样……也不算过分“。”not“可换用”hardly“，”scarcely“等，”too“可换用”enough“，”sufficient“等You　cannot　be　too　careful。

18.”否定+but　“结构，在否定词后面的”but“，具有”which　not“，”who　not“，”that　not“，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成”没有……不是“或”……都……“等Nothing　is　so　bad　but　it　might　have　been　worse。

19.”否定+until　(till)“结构，在否定词”no“，”not“，”never“，”little“，”few“，”seldom“等的后边所接用的”until/till“，多数情况下译为” 直到……才……“，”要……才……“，把否定译为肯定。

Nobody　knows　what　he　can　do　till　he　has　tried。

20.”not　so…but“和”not　such　a　…but“结构，这两个结构和”否定+but“的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的”but“是含有”that…not“意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为”还没有……到不能做……的程度“，”并不是……不……“，”无论怎样……也不是不能……“等。

He　is　not　so　sick　but　he　can　come　to　school。

21.”疑问词+should…but　“结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为”none…but“，可译为”除了……还有谁会……“，”岂料“，”想不到……竟是……“等。

Who　should　write　it　but　himself?

22.”who　knows　but　(that)…“和”who　could　should…but“结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为”多半“，”亦未可知“等等，有时也可直译。

Who　knows　but　(that) he　may　go?

23.“祈使句+and”和“祈使句+or”结构，“祈使句+and”表示“If…you…”，“祈使名+or”表示“if…not…，you”。

Add　love　to　a　house　and　you　have　a　home.Aad　righteousness　to　a　 city　and　you　have　a　community.Aad　truth　to　a　pile　of　red　brick　and　you　 have　a　school。

24.“名词+and”结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。

A　word,　and　he　would　lose　his　temper。

25.“as…，so…”结构，这里的“so”的意思是“in　the　same　way”(也是如此)。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。

As　rust　eats　iron,　so　care　eats　the　heart。

26.“if　any”结构，“if　any”和“if　ever”，意思是“果真有……”，“即使有……”，表示加强语气。与此类似的还有：“if　anything”(如有不同的话，如果稍有区别)，“if　a　day”(=at　least，至少)。

There　is　little,　if　any,　hope。

27.“be　it　ever(never)so”和“let　it　be　ever(never)so”结构，这里，“be　it”中的“be”是古英语假设语气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用“let　it　be”。“ever　so”和“never　so”都表示同一意思，都表示“very”。

Be　it　ever　so　humble　(let　it　be　ever　so　humble)，　home　is　home。

28.“the　last+不定式”和“the　last　+定语从词”结构，这种结构中的“last”意思是“the　least　 likely”，用于否定性推论。可译为“最不大可能的”，“最不合适的”，由原意的“最后一个……”变成“最不可能……的一个”。

He　is　the　last　man　to　accept　a　bride。

29.“so…that…”句型，这个句型的意思是“如此……，以致于……”，但在翻译成汉语时，许多情况下，并不是一定要译成“如此……以致于……”，而是变通表达其含义。

He　ran　so　fast　that　nobody　could　catch　him　up。

30.“more　+　than+原级形容词(副词)”结构，这是将不同性质加以比较，其中的“more”有“rather”的意思。

It　is　more　than　probable　that　he　will　fall。

31.“more　than　+动词”结构，这种结构表示动词的程度，可译为“异常”，“岂止”，“十二分地”等。

This　more　than　satisfied　me。

32.“good　and　…”的副词用法，译为“非常”，“很”等。类似还有“nice　and　…”，　“fine　and　…，” “lovely　and　…”，　“bright　and　…”，　“rare　and　…”，　“big　and　…”等，均表示程度。

The　apples　are　good　and　ripe。

33.“and　that”结构，这个“and　that”应译为“而且……”，表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强，“that”代表前面的整个陈述部分。

Return　to　your　work　,　and　that　at　once。

34.“at　once…and”结构，这个结构译为“既……又……”，起相关连接的作用，相当于“both…and…”。

The　novel　is　at　once　pleasing　and　instructive。

35.“in　that…”结构，这个结构的意思是“在那一点上(方面)”，可译为“因为”。类似的结构还有“in　this…”。

The　budget　is　unrealistic　in　that　it　disregards　increased　costs。

36.“the　name　notwithstanding”结构，这个结构中“notwithstanding”是介词，这个介词可以置前，可以置后，比如也可写成：“notwithstanding　the　name”。起让步状语的作用。

Some　people　think　of　the　storage　battery　as　a　sort　of　condenser　 where　electricity　is　stored.But　this　is　an　entirely　wrong　conception,　 the　name　notwithstanding。

37.“Every…not”和“All…not”结构，“Every…not”表示“不见得每个……都是……”;“All…not”表示“ 不见得所有……都是……”的意思。

Every　man　is　not　polite,　and　all　are　not　born　gentlemen。

38.“may　as　well　not…as”结构，此结构可译为“与其……不如不……”。

One　may　as　well　not　know　a　thing　at　all　as　know　it　but　imperfectly。

39.“have　only　to　…do”结构，此结构表示“只须(消)……就能……”的意思。

We　have　only　to　turn　to　that　extraordinary　discovery　made　by　Edison 　to　see　the　significance　of　it。

40.“not　(no) …unless…”句型No　increase　in　output　can　be　expected　unless　a　new　assembly　line　is 　installed。

41.“better…than…”句型Better　my　life　should　be　ended　by　their　hate,　than　that　hated　life 　should　be　prolonged　to　live　without　your　love。

42.“as　it　were”是一个非常常用的插入语，意思是“好象”，“可以说”等。

Apiece　of　iron　near　a　magnet,　though　apparently　separate　from　it　,　 feels,　as　it　were,　the　threads　of　this　attachment。

43.复杂结构，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定语从句过长，把谓语must　realize提到定语从句之前。

Though　faith　and　confidence　are　surely　more　or　lass　foreign　to　my　 nature,　I　do　not　infrequently　find　myself　looking　to　them　to　be　able,　 diligent,　candid,　and　even　honest.Plainly　enough,　that　is　too　large　an　 order,　as　anyone　must　realize　who　reflects　upon　the　manner　in　which　they 　reach　public　office。

44.“not…any　more　than…”为：“不能……，正如不能……”。

One　cannot　learn　to　sketch　and　express　himself　graphically　only　by　 reading　about　it　any　more　than　one　can　learn　to　swim　while　standing　by　 the　pool。

45.“By　that　as　it　may”是“Let　it　be　that　as　it　may”的省略形式，是由“be”引起的另外一种假设结构，意思是“虽然如此，尽管这样”。

It　is　said　that　the　nerve　poison　is　the　more　primitive　of　the　two,　 that　the　blood　poison　is,　so　to　speak,　a　new　product　from　an　improved　 formula.Be　that　as　it　may,　the　nerve　poison　does　its　business　with　man　 far　more　quickly　than　the　blood　poison。

46.“if　at　all”是一个由“if”引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为“即将……”，“即使……”等。

I　can　see　only　with　great　difficulty,　if　at　all。

47.由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构。

There　have　been　opened　up　to　the　vast　and　excellent　science,　in　 which　my　work　is　the　beginning,　ways　and　means　by　which　other　minds　more 　accurate　than　wine　will　explore　its　remote　corners。

48.“range　from　…to…”结构。这是一个常见结构，译时很多情况下应变通处理，不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。

Computer　applications　range　from　an　assembly　line　completely　run　by 　computers　to　a　children　toy　responding　to　remote　signals。

49.“the　way…”结构I　always　thought　she　was　a　common-sense　person　who　discussed　things 　the　way　they　ought　to　be　discussed。

50.复杂宾补结构In　recent　years,　the　development　of　sensitive　and　accurate　 measuring　equipment　has　made　it　possible　to　measure　the　acuity　of　 hearing　of　any　individual　at　different　frequencies。

51.某些分隔结构1) 动词短语相关部分被分隔(当“make　use　of　”，“take　notice　of”，“pay　attention　to”，等动词短语变成被动语态时)。

Use　is　made　of　solar　energy　in　heating　houses。

2)双重定语引起的分隔。

But　there　is　of　culture　another　view,　in　which　not　solely　the　 scientific　passion,　the　sheer　desire　to　see　things　as　they　are,　natural　 and　proper　in　an　intelligent　being,　appears　as　the　ground　of　it。

52.“to　be　doing…when…”是一个句型，多译为“某人正在做……时，突然……”。在简单的句子中容易看出，一旦句子变得复杂一些，可能就不太容易识别这种句型。

She　said　she　and　a　friend　had　gone　out　to　dinner　that　night,　and　 were　walking　home　together　at　about　10　o'clock,　when　a　“very　big,　very　 tall　man”，　accosted　them　and　demanded　their　purses。

53.“too…to”句型Then　I　remembered　how　often　I,　too,　had　been　indifferent　to　the　 grandeur　of　each　day,　too　preoccupied　with　petty　and　sometimes　even　mean 　concerns　to　respond　to　the　splendor　of　it　all。

54.“so　much　that…”句型But　he　developed　gradually　a　very　musical　English.He　learnt　to　 write　sentences　that　fall　away　on　the　ear　with　a　misty　languor　and　it　 delighted　him　so　much　that　he　could　never　have　enough　of　it。

55.“when”引导状语从句有时并不好译，不能一看到when从句就考虑译为“当……的时候”，它还有许多种译法。

Anything　is　better　than　not　to　write　clearly.There　is　nothing　to　 be　said　against　lucidity,　and　against　simplicity　only　the　possibility　of 　dryness.This　is　a　risk　that　is　well　worth　taking　when　you　reflect　how　 much　better　it　is　to　be　bold　than　to　wear　a　curly　wig。

56.“not…because…”，有时可否定前面，有时可否定because本身，往往出现歧义。应根据上下文面判定。

In　1600　the　earth　was　not　the　center　of　the　universe　because　the　 majority　then　supposed　it　was;　nor,　because　she　had　more　readers,　was　 Ella　wheeler　Wilcox　a　better　poet　than　Father　Hopkins。

57.“so…that,　such…that”是一个普通的句型，但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。

The　truth　is,　that　in　one　point　of　view,　this　matter　of　national　 literature　has　come　to　such　a　pass　with　us,　that　in　some　sense　we　must　 turn　bullies,　else　the　day　is　lost,　or　superiority　so　far　beyond　us,　 that　we　can　hardly　say　it　will　ever　be　ours。

58.“by　doing…”结构。这个结构的意思是“通过(做)……”，但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义，不少情况下需要灵活变通。

The　hippos,　by　depositing　dung　in　the　water,　fed　the　fish　that　 support　the　storks　that　destroy　the　rare　trees。

59.下面例句为一倒装句，主语很长，而且又含有非常复杂的句型。这是以形容词作表语的倒装，翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面。

No　less　obvious　is　the　fact　there　are　great　numbers　of　people　so　 constituted　or　so　brought　up　that　they　cannot　get　so　much　pleasure　out　 of　processes　and　experiences　resulting　in　a　poorer　life　less　full　of　 meaning。

60.“what…of”句型I　can　not　say　of　myself　what　Johnson　said　of　Pope:　He　never　passed　 a　fault　unamended　by　indifference,　nor　quitted　it　by　despair.I　do　not　 write　as　I　do;　I　write　as　I　can。

61.英语的一个习惯用法是：当否定谓语think(believe)时，实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句。否定就落在宾语从句上。这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定，译时可以按双重否定译，也可按肯定来译。

It　is　a　valuable　work.I　do　not　think　anyone　writes　so　well　that　he 　cannot　learn　much　from　it。

62.“to　have　not…(as) to　see…”中的不定式也有否定意味。

He　had　not　the　good　breeding　to　see　that　simplicity　and　naturalness 　are　the　truest　marks　of　distinction。

63.“It　occurred　to　*.that…”意为“突然想到”，“It　dawned　on　*.that…”。“突然想起”等。　从句是想起的内容。

I　remember　once　being　on　a　bus　and　looking　at　a　stranger.He　 suddenly　looked　back　at　me-i.e.our　eyes　met.My　instinctive　reaction　was 　to　avert　my　gaze.It　occurred　to　me　that　if　I　had　continued　to　maintain 　eye　contact,　I　would　have　been　rude　and　aggressive。

64.“It　follows　that…”=“It　happens　as　a　result…”常常被译为“由此可见”，“因此”，“从前”，“可以推断”等等。

It　follows　that　the　housewife　will　also　expect　to　be　able　to　have　 more　leisure　in　her　life　without　lowering　her　standard　of　living.It　 also　follows　that　human　domestic　servants　will　have　completely　ceased　to 　exist。

65.“that's　all　there　is　to　it　”，意思是“也不过如此而已”。可根据上下文视情况处理。

If　I'm　touched,　I'm　touched-that's　all　there　is　to　it。

66.“The　chances　are　that…”是一句型，译为“有可能……”。

The　chances　are　you　will　never　attempt　that　speed　with　poetry　or　 want　to　race　though　some　passages　in　fiction　over　which　you　wish　to　 linger。

67.Feel,　see,　leave引起宾语的宾语补足语，或在被动语态中引起主语补足语的某些惯用句型，有时see和feel这两个词的被动式不大好译。遇到这种情况应挖掘其深层含义，不要拘泥于表面形式。

The　education　of　the　young　is　seen　to　be　of　primary　importance。

68.某此以no,　nowhere,　never,　not…bout,　not…any,　nothing　but,　hardly,　 scarcely,　seldom等否定词语引出的一些结构。

I　never　go　past　the　theatre　but　I　think　of　his　last　performance。

69.某些用choice　between,　to　know　better,　whether　or,　should　have　 avoided(或done　better)等表示从两种做法中选取一种更好的做法Then　we　are　faced　with　a　choice　between　using　technology　to　provide 　and　fulfil　needs　which　have　hitherto　been　regarded　as　unnecessary　or,　 on　the　other　hand,　using　technology　to　reduce　the　number　of　hours　of　 work　which　a　man　must　do　in　order　to　earn　a　given　standard　of　libing。

70.某些省略情况，应清单确认省略的内容。

The　country　had　grown　rich,　its　commerce　was　large,　and　wealth　did　 its　natural　work　in　making　life　softer　and　more　worldly,　commerce　in　 deprovincializing　the　minds　of　those　engaged　in　it。

71.修饰成分(包括定语、定语从句、同位语从句等)多而长。

Across　the　court　from　the　Manhattan　apartment　that　I　have　occupied　 for　the　past　few　years　is　a　dog　that　often　hurls　insults　into　the　 darkness,　a　few　of　which　my　dog　refuses　to　accept　and　makes　a　tart　 reply。

72.一些外位语，所谓外位修饰，指从句子结构和内容上不起主要信息表达功能的部分。其作用是从语气和连接上下文等方面进行补充。在翻译成汉语时，往往可独立成句，外形上不保留修饰的痕迹。

Of　course,　nobody　was　hurt　this　time,　because　we　had　all　been　to　 dinner,　none　of　us　being　novices　excepting　Hastings;　and　he　having　been　 informed　by　the　minister　at　the　time　that　he　invited　him　that　in　 deference　to　the　English　custom　the　had　not　provided　any　dinner.

雅思写作70个必备句型详细内容就是这些，雅思写作字数是有下限的，但没有上限，所以很多考生都有疑问，到底多少单词的文章可以拿到高分。当然这没有绝对的限制，但据统计看来，大多数的高分小作文字数都在180左右，而大作文也在280左右。

关于弊端的雅思写作

雅思写作是难拿分的一块，你知道关于利弊的雅思 作文 怎么写吗？下面我就来为你分享一些。

雅思写作谈谈科技发展的利弊

由于科技发展进步，这部分话题也成了雅思写作的高频话题之一，往往要求考生探讨科技进步所带来的好处和影响，大多都是比较贴近生活的，所以考生可以从身边挖掘写作素材。环球 教育 老师就以一篇 范文 为例，浅谈此类 文章 的应对策略。

题目：

people today can perform the everyday tasks as shopping, banking or even business transactions, without meeting others face-to face. What effects will this phenomenon have on individuals and society as a whole?

分析：

题目的大意是指，如今人们购物、银行甚至商业交易都可以通过网络进行，而不需要面对面的交流。这种现象的发生，对于我们个人和社会整体而言有什么影响?其实这个题目与我们日常生活十分相关，如今网上购物、网银交易，甚至是支付水电煤都可以网上进行，这对于我们的生活带来了很大的方便，但是不可否认的是，也会出现一些问题。客观的讨论是必不可少的。

例文分析：

开头段(不少于3+1句) The interactivity of the Internet and the mobile phone has enabled a multitude of people to purchase their desired items or pay their phone bills without stepping out of their offices or homes. And many others can even register for tests or sign contracts online. This sweeping trend of going about everyday business in the virtual world has triggered a marked decline in face-to-face contact between people . Thus it is essential that we identify the implication of this trend on both individuals and society as a whole.

英文里表达“从事”一件事情 go about / conduct /perform 表示影响可以替换的单词:Implication/ repercussions, impact, influence

主体段1(不少于1+6句) The impact of this phenomenon on individuals is profound. First, Individual efficiency in business transaction and banking will be greatly enhanced. And those who dread shopping are spared the chore of browsing around in shops. Secondly, the increasingly sedentary lifestyle will engender a higher incidence of ailment. More overweight people means more patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases such as vein hardening, diabetes and hypertension. Thirdly, the absence of face-to –face contact may induce distrust between business partners. An inherent sense of di*elief is apt to ruin a telecommunicated negotiation when negotiators can only see videos of each other tran*itted via the Internet.

表示“提高,增进”,enhance boost 要表示“产生”的意思,后面是好的结果,用bring about 后面是不好的结果用engender 后面是抽象名词比如心理活动,用induce 破坏undermine, jeopardize, endanger, ruin, wreck, havoc on, spoil, devastate

主体段2(不少于1+6句) This trend also has widespread repercussions on society as a whole. In the first place, the burgeoning e-commerce will, doubtless, boost corporate efficiency immeasurably. And higher efficiency means more earnings and less costs for businesses. In the second place, online fraud, be it banking or trading, retail or wholesale is sure to abound in the cyberspace. We must search for practicable and effectual means of curbing it. In the third place, the proliferation of e-commerce may exacerbate man’s overdependence on technology. And that can render our lives unspontaneous and our tempo of life too fast and furious.

让…..进一步恶化aggravate exacerbate worsen

结尾段(不少于2句) In sum, there is no denying that the virtual is exerting influence on our lives in various ways . It is a key that we take advantage of the upside of this trend and in the meantime mitigate its downside as much as possible.

消的影响 baneful influence/ pernicious influence 积的影响 beneficial influence/ advantageous influence 深远的影响 profound influence

雅思大作文范文：全球化的弊端

Write about the following topic:

As mass communication and transport continue to grow, societies are becoming more and more alike leading to a phenomenon known as globalization. Some people fear that globalization will inevitably lead to the total loss of cultural identity.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Model Answer:

Globalization means that in some ways people around the world are becoming more and more similar. We often eat the same food, watch the same TV programmes, listen to the same music and we wear the same clothes. Some of this at least can be blamed on the spread of multinational brands available all over the world.

On the surface, it may appear as if the global diversity of cultural identities is being lost. If, the argument goes, people in Tokyo and London look and dress the same, then that must mean that cultural differences are disappearing. However, I would argue that this is a very narrow definition of culture and that in fact cultural differences are as present as ever.

Cultural Identity is built on far more than just the films we watch or the jeans we wear. The foundation of cultural identity is shared values. When you look in detail at different cultures, you realize that the things that are important to one culture can be very different from the things valued by another culture.

Take my own culture, India, as an example and compare it to a very different culture, Japan. Although I have never visited Japan personally, I believe that it is a culture which places a lot of value on hard work and that people often work very long hours. The Indian people, in contrast, greatly value their leisure time and strive to spend as much lime with their family as they possibly can. Even if we consume the same products, I would argue that there are still some very deep-rooted differences.

To summarize, I do not accept that that total loss of cultural identity is inevitable, despite the influence of large companies and their products around the globe.

雅思写作范文：网络带来的利弊

The Internet has dramatically altered our lives over the past few decades. Although some of these changes have been negative, the overall effect of this technology has been positive. What are your opinions on this?

The Internet has brought significant changes to our lives in recent years. However, there remains some disagreement as to whether the overall effect of this technology has been positive or negative. While there are certainly valid arguments to the contrary, I personally believe that the benefits of the Internet far outweigh its drawbacks and these benefits are twofold.

First of all, it is an indisputable fact that the Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate. Despite the risk of social isolation-a problem occasionally seen in people who spend too much time at their computer terminal rather than relating to people in the real world-most of us have benefited greatly from e-mails and Internet chat programs like MSN Messenger. These incredibly useful and powerful tools of communication facilitate both contact with loved ones in faraway places and global trade.

Moreover, the Internet has placed the entire world (and all of the information in it) at our fingertips. In earlier times, conducting research entailed long hours searching library shelves. Now, however, the same information can be accessed at the click of a button. Admittedly, not all of the information available on the Internet is reliable or helpful-there is a vast amount of material online that some would consider offensive or dangerous, ranging from *ography to instructions on how to make bombs. Nonetheless, I would contend that this free flow of information has generally been a very positive development.

By way of conclusion, I once again reaffirm my position that the Internet has had a positive impact on modern life because of its influences on communication and the flow of information.

雅思写作范文 大作文利弊分析型

Many countries aim to improve living standard by economic development, but some important social values are lost as a result. Do you think the advantages of economic development outweigh the disadvantages? (2021.5.6)

In most countries, living standard of citizens has been improved as a result of economic surge. This results in an apparent loss of some social values. Personally, I believe that the drawbacks of this trend outweigh the benefits.

It is true that people enjoy a better life thanks to development of economy. In other words, citizens can receive a much higher income, so they have more dispensable money. For example, it was not imaginable for the majority to buy the colorful TV or computer set four decades ago, because they were too costly. By contrast, today these digital devices have become commonplace. Hence, economic development benefits people materialistically.

However, there is one major problem linked in part to economic development. To be precise, environment has been severely polluted and damaged due to overexploitation of resources utilized for economic development. For instance, to satisfy the demand of urban expansion, construction projects consume a large quantities of logs, and therefore forests have been cut down. Thus, such actions are conducive to economic development, but irrefutably at the cost of environment.

Moreover, the disappearance of social values also can be explained by economic development. That is to say, individuals and governments pay too much attention to economic development, and meanwhile ignore the importance of social values. For example, busines*en are likely to forget to celebrity with their family members even in important occasions, such as festivals or birthdays, if they are in business negotiation. So, traditional social values are lost.

To sum up, although people can have material improvement owing to economic development, environment and social values have been suffering.

(268 words)

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