雅思口语加分的法宝：形象生动的明喻与暗喻 新航道John：口语要回答多长(上)

雅思考试主要是通过对考生听、说、读、写四个方面英语能力的考核，综合测评考生的英语沟通运用能力，实现“沟通为本”的考试理念。对于雅思考生来说，也有很多考试难点和政策盲区需要帮助解答。今天雅思无忧网小编准备了雅思口语加分的法宝：形象生动的明喻与暗喻 新航道John：口语要回答多长(上)，希望通过文章来解决雅思考生这方面的疑难问题，敬请关注。

雅思口语加分的法宝：形象生动的明喻与暗喻

在遵循“形而下”总原则的前提下，在讲述个人经验，描述日常活动或具体细节的时候，如果能熟练地将比喻这样的修辞方式适当地运用到口语中，考生便更能凸显个人特色，给考官留下好的印象。作为修辞学上的辞格之一，比喻无论在口语的描述、论证还是说明中都可以起到让要表达的内容生动化，形象化，具体化，生活化的作用。在此就比喻在雅思口语考试中的运用做一个探讨，以供考生参考。

比喻的定义

比喻作为一种修辞方式 (figure of speech)，其实也是认知的一种基本方式，在汉语中也是非常常见和常用的。我们常通俗地叫它作打比方，根据思想对象同另外为人熟悉的事物之间的相似或相同之处，用另外的事物来比拟思想对象，以达到通过熟知的事物特征来重新认识思想对象的目的。由此可见，它是一种具有化抽象为具体，变深奥为浅显的神奇力量的修辞，如果能在雅思口语考试中很好地加以运用，一定会有事半功倍的效果。

比喻的方式

由上面的定义可以看出，在思想的对象之外可以寻找到与之有类似点、为人熟悉的事物，就可以构成比喻。两类事物必须具有不同的性质，但却又要有相似点。我们知道在汉语中，比喻在文辞上有三个成分：本体、喻体和比喻词。其实，英语(课程)中的比喻也是一样，具体的讲就是有被比喻的事物、用来打比方的事物和表示比喻关系的词。根据三者同时出现与否或出现方式的异同，比喻的方式会有所不同。以比喻中最常用和最基本的方式-明喻和隐喻（或称暗喻）-为例来和考生们分享比喻的作用：

1.Simile 明喻

It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.

很明显，在明喻中上述的三个成分都会出现，表示比喻关系的词通常为”as, as…as, as if, like”等，汉语中我们解释为“好像、似乎、仿佛”等喻词。

Example 1: Describe a person who likes to help others

例如Part 2要求考生描述一个乐于助人的人，考生可以讲述自己接受其帮助的亲身经历，在描述自己遇到困难心急如焚的尴尬时，可以说：I was really like a cat on hot bricks at that moment. 这里的明喻，”like”就是用于表示比喻关系的词，把自己比作“爬在热砖上的猫”，表达更加形象，易于理解，也多了几分轻松调侃的意味。所以，在很多地道的英文短语、常用谚语和句型中考生可以积累到很多用作比喻的表达。但考生需注意的是一些与汉语相同的意思在英语中的表达方式却可能不同，两者不要混用。比如上面的例子，汉语我们通常会说：“急得像热锅上的蚂蚁”，但英文中却说“急得像爬在热砖上的猫”。同样的意思，但将自己比喻成的动物和相应的情境却不一样。所以，在考场上要能正确使用英语比喻，考生们在日常学习当中一定要善于积累地道的英语表达方式，使用的时候才能做到有的放矢。

新航道John：口语要回答多长(上)

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IELTS Speaking Test: How long should my answers be?

I'm often asked by my students how long their answers to the interviewer's questions in the IELTS Speaking Test should be. In this article, I'll give some advice on how long your answers should be, and then give some simple advice on how to extend your answers.

Part One

In part one of the interview, which lasts four to five minutes, the interviewer will ask you some basic questions about topics that are familiar to you, such as your family, hobbies, or eating habits. Usually, the interview will ask you questions about three topics, and ask three to five questions per topic, for a total of nine to fifteen questions. Assuming that you spend the entire four to five minutes answering questions, you have about 20 to 30 seconds per question. Remember, though, that we must take into account the time it takes the interviewer to ask the questions.

Your answers in part one do not have to be all of the same length. For some questions, if you don't have much to say, it's fine to reply with just one to two sentences. For others, if you have a lot to say, you may want to answer with five or six sentences. The most important thing is to communicate a clear, full answer to the interviewer with some elaboration. As long as you do this, the interviewer will be satisfied with your answer, regardless of its length.

Part Two

In part two or the interview, the interviewer gives you a card and asks you to talk about the topic on the card for one to two minutes. You have one minute to prepare, and the interviewer will give you a sheet of paper and a pencil to take notes if you wish.

As long as you speak for somewhere between one and two minutes, the length of your answer is irrelevant, and your answer is judged on the level of language you present. If you speak for less than one minute, your score will be penalized; if you speak for more than two minutes, the interviewer will stop you, but your score should not be affected.

A misconception among many students is that you have to give very eloquent answers to get a high score on the IELTS Speaking Test. This is not the case. All that is necessary is that you give a clear answer using proper English. In part two of the interview, you are not expected to give a "professional" speech--after all, you only have only one minute to prepare! So relax, take a deep breath, and just talk about the topic that you are given in a clear, thoughtful manner.

(John Gordon 北京 学校副校长，雅思口语首席主讲)

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